behavior/neurological
• mice do not buildup a tolerance to morphine either acutely or chronically
• morphine effectiveness in blocking pain is unimpaired in mice that 24 hours previously received a very high dose of morphine while morphine loses half of its effectiveness in wild-type mice treated the same way
• morphine loses little effectiveness in blocking pain in mice chronically treated with morphine for 5 days instead of the 75% loss of effectiveness observed in wild-type mice
• mice have significantly less withdrawal symptoms than wild-type mice after injection of an opioid antagonist following 5 days of morphine administration
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• a dose of 3 mg/kg bodyweight of morphine is as effective as a 10mg/kg dose in wild-type mice in hot-plate response latency test
• this enhanced antinociception is observed for at least 300 minutes after administration of morphine
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