cardiovascular system
• pacemaker cells in mice older than 3 months exhibit fewer extensions compared with wild-type cells
• the node in mice older than 3 months is more compact than in wild-type mice
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• stress-induced at 5.5 and 8 months
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• long pauses and intercurrent periods of normal sinus rhythm upon stress at 5.5 and 8 months
• stress-induced pauses increase with age
• however, no block is observed
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• at 5.5 and 8 months, exercised mice exhibit sinus bradycardia and abnormal sinoatrial node conduction unlike wild-type mice
• in response to mental stress and catecholamines, mice show a blunted increase in heart rate compared with wild-type mice
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growth/size/body
homeostasis/metabolism
• at 5.5 and 8 months, exercised mice exhibit sinus bradycardia and abnormal sinoatrial node conduction unlike wild-type mice
• in response to mental stress and catecholamines, mice show a blunted increase in heart rate compared with wild-type mice
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muscle
• pacemaker cells in mice older than 3 months exhibit fewer extensions compared with wild-type cells
• the node in mice older than 3 months is more compact than in wild-type mice
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