immune system
• peritoneal macrophages from homozygous mutant mice produce reduced amounts of type I interferon (IFN) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 ligand)
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• peritoneal macrophages from homozygous torpid mice fail to produce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in response to standard challenge with peptidoglycan (a TLR2/1 ligand)
• homozygous mutant peritoneal macrophages fail to produce TNF-alpha in response to standard challenge with Pam3CSK4 (triacyl lipopeptide, a TLR2/6 ligand
• increasing the concentration of peptidoglycan or Pam3SK4 induces torpid macrophages to secrete a small quantity of TNF-alpha, indicating that TLR2 signaling is not completely abolished by this mutation
• TNF-alpha production by homozygous mutant macrophages is normal in response to oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODNs, a TLR9 ligand)
• torpid macrophages produce normal amounts of TNF-alpha in response to poly I:C (dsRNA mimic, a TLR3 ligand)
• homozygous mutant macrophages secrete normal quantities of TNF-alpha in response to resiquimod (a TLR7 ligand)
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