homeostasis/metabolism
• mice have a loss of first-phase insulin release and a severely blunted second-phase insulin release during tolerance tests
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• mice are glucose intolerant with blood glucose levels being significantly higher and remaining high longer than in non-transgenic controls
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• the alpha cells are distributed throughout the islets instead of on the periphery
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• total insulin content in the pancreas is about half that of wild-type pancreas while gene transcript levels for insulin are normal
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• mice have a loss of first-phase insulin release and a severely blunted second-phase insulin release during tolerance tests
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