growth/size/body
• smaller body size despite normal food intake
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• 60-70% reduction in circulating insulin
• despite low insulin levels, mutants are not diabetic and display normal blood glucose levels, normal glucose tolerance, and have normal levels of glycosylated hemoglobin
|
• mutants exhibit a greater diminution of blood glucose levels in response to insulin than controls
|
reproductive system
azoospermia
(
J:132167
)
• mutants exhibit very few advanced spermatids in the seminiferous tubules and no sperm in the epidiymis
|
• mutants exhibit very few advanced spermatids in the seminiferous tubules
|
• defect in spermiogenesis, in the final stage of spermatogenesis during which round spermatids develop into mature, motile spermatozoa
|
cellular
azoospermia
(
J:132167
)
• mutants exhibit very few advanced spermatids in the seminiferous tubules and no sperm in the epidiymis
|
• mutants exhibit very few advanced spermatids in the seminiferous tubules
|