mortality/aging
• embryos die in utero between E9.5 and E10.5, due to abnormal cardiovascular development
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embryo
• at E8.5 and E9.5
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• at E9.5, embryos are smaller than wild-type
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• at E9.5, only first branchial arch is observed in mutants, not three
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• at E9.5 embryos display open head folds
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• mutant embryos show normal establishment of allantoic vessels and differentiation of trophoblast cells, but fail to support normal branching or elongation of the vessels and labyrinthine layer in the placenta
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• at E9.5, the invasion of allantoic vessels into the labyrinth layer and the number of fetal blood cells are reduced in the mutant placenta
• at E10.5, the invasion process is retracted, and only a few fetal blood cells are found in the chorion
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• at E9.5, yolk sac fails to develop large vitelline vessels
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• at E9.5, vascular remodeling in the yolk sac does not occur
• at E9.5, mutant yolk sacs display the same primary vascular plexus observed at E8.5
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growth/size/body
• at E8.5 and E9.5
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• at E9.5, embryos are smaller than wild-type
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cardiovascular system
• typical intersomitic vessels are absent
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• mutant embryos show normal establishment of allantoic vessels and differentiation of trophoblast cells, but fail to support normal branching or elongation of the vessels and labyrinthine layer in the placenta
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• at E9.5, the invasion of allantoic vessels into the labyrinth layer and the number of fetal blood cells are reduced in the mutant placenta
• at E10.5, the invasion process is retracted, and only a few fetal blood cells are found in the chorion
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• at E9.5, blood vessels throughout entire embryo are disorganized
• typical intersomitic vessels are absent, and numerous disorganized vessels are found in the caudal region
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• vascular formation in head region and heart endocardium remains undeveloped at E8.5 and E9.5
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• at E9.5, yolk sac fails to develop large vitelline vessels
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• at E9.5, mutant hearts show a lack of myocardial trabeculation
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• at E8.5, the aortic sacs are barely recognizable
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• heart is observed to contain a small tissue clump at E9.5
• at E9.5, hearts show reduced endocardial tissue and abnormal chamber formation and lack of myocardial trabeculation
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• at E8.5, heart tube has not initiated looping
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• at E8.5, the endocardium is barely recognizable
• at E9.5, the amount of endocardial tissue is reduced
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small heart
(
J:132526
)
• at E8.5 and E9.5, mutant embryos display a very small heart
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• at E9.5, mutant embryos show abnormal ventricular chamber formation
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• embryos have poor blood circulation; hearts beat, but few blood cells are observed in heart and vessels
• hearts contract irregularly at E9.5
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hemorrhage
(
J:132526
)
• observed in capital and caudal regions of embryo at E9.5
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nervous system
• at E9.5 embryos display open head folds
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craniofacial
• at E9.5, only first branchial arch is observed in mutants, not three
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muscle
• at E9.5, mutant hearts show a lack of myocardial trabeculation
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