Phenotypes associated with this allele

• Allele Symbol: Gata4^tm1.1Sad
• Allele Name: targeted mutation 1.1, Stephen A Duncan
• Allele ID: MGI:3778685
• Summary: 15 genotypes

Jump to	Allelic Composition	Genetic Background	Genotype ID
cn1	Atoh8^tm1.1Mlkn/Atoh8^tm1.1Mlkn Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^+ Nkx2-5^tm1(cre)Rjs/Nkx2-5^+	involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:5532942
cn2	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad Amhr2^tm3(cre)Bhr/Amhr2^+	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S7/SvEvBrd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J	MGI:6854698
cn3	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^+ Glyr1^em1Dsr/Glyr1^+ Tg(Tek-cre)1Ywa/0	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J * SJL	MGI:7279301
cn4	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad Gata6^tm2.1Sad/Gata6^tm2.1Sad Tg(Wt1-cre)1Jbeb/0	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J	MGI:5562926
cn5	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^+ Gata6^tm2.1Sad/Gata6^tm2.1Sad Tg(Wt1-cre)1Jbeb/0	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J	MGI:5562927
cn6	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad Gata6^tm2.1Sad/Gata6^+ Tg(Wt1-cre)1Jbeb/0	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J	MGI:5562928
cn7	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.2Sad Pax3^tm1(cre)Joe/Pax3^+	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J	MGI:5775442
cn8	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.2Sad Pax3^Sp-d/Pax3^Sp-d Tg(Prrx1-cre)1Cjt/0	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J * SJL/J	MGI:5775444
cn9	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.2Sad Tg(Prrx1-cre)1Cjt/0	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J * SJL/J	MGI:5775440
cn10	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad Tg(Myh6-cre)1Jmk/0	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CD-1	MGI:3783260
cn11	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad Nkx2-5^tm1(cre)Rjs/Nkx2-5^+	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CD-1	MGI:3783262
cn12	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad Tg(Myh7-cre)1Jmk/0	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CD-1	MGI:3783259
cn13	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad Tg(Tek-cre)1Ywa/?	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CD-1	MGI:3053001
cn14	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad Tg(Myh6-Map2k1*)1Jmol/0 Tg(Myh7-cre)1Jmk/0	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * FVB	MGI:5141278
cx15	Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad Tg(Myh6-Map2k1*)1Jmol/0	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * FVB	MGI:5141279

Genotype
MGI:5532942

cn1

• Allelic Composition: Atoh8^tm1.1Mlkn/Atoh8^tm1.1Mlkn; Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4⁺; Nkx2-5^tm1(cre)Rjs/Nkx2-5⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129 * C57BL/6

• ♀: phenotype observed in females
• ♂: phenotype observed in males
• N: normal phenotype

mortality/aging

mortality/aging ( J:203454 )

N • viable and present at the expected Mendelian ratio at P1

Genotype
MGI:6854698

cn2

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad; Amhr2^tm3(cre)Bhr/Amhr2⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S7/SvEvBrd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J

reproductive system

reproductive system phenotype ( J:169018 , J:173711 )

♀N • young adult females show no significant differences in the onset of puberty, length of the estrous cycle, or ovarian follicular development relative to controls (J:173711)

♂N • at 2.5 and 6 months of age, males show normal seminal vesicle weights relative to controls (J:169018)

decreased male germ cell number ( J:169018 )

♂ • by 6 months of age, males show marked depletion of germ cells in the later stages of development

multinucleated giant male germ cells ( J:169018 )

♂ • by 6 months of age, multinucleated giant cells, syncytia of degenerating spermatids, are found in the seminiferous tubules

increased male germ cell apoptosis ( J:169018 )

♂ • caspase-3 immunostaining revealed increased germ cell apoptosis at 6 months of age

decreased sperm progressive motility ( J:169018 )

♂ • males show an age-dependent decline in the % of progressively motile sperm

asthenozoospermia ( J:169018 )

♂ • males show an age-dependent decline in the % of total motile sperm

small ovary ( J:173711 )

♀ • ovaries of eCG plus hCG-treated immature females are significantly smaller than those in similarly treated control ovaries

♀ • however, unstimulated ovaries exhibit normal weight and gross morphology

ovary cyst ( J:173711 )

♀ • by 6 months of age, 6 of 7 (86%) ovaries exhibit very large, non-hemorrhagic cysts versus 0 of 10 (0%) ovaries from control females

♀ • ovarian cysts are lined by a flattened epithelium containing scattered ciliated cells

ovarian follicular cyst ( J:173711 )

♀ • ovaries of eCG plus hCG-treated immature females show hemorrhagic follicular cysts on their surface, not observed in similarly treated control ovaries

abnormal seminiferous tubule epithelium morphology ( J:169018 )

♂ • at 2.5 and 4 months of age, the seminiferous tubule epithelium shows signs of vacuolar degeneration

♂ • at 4 months, spermatocytes and spermatids are prematurely released from the seminiferous epithelium and sloughed into the epididymis

♂ • by 6 months, tubules show progressive atrophy suggesting marked depletion of germ cells; any remaining germ cells are abnormally positioned within the seminiferous epithelium

abnormal Sertoli cell morphology ( J:169018 )

♂ • at 2.5 months of age, Sertoli cells exhibit vacuolation and accumulation of large lipid droplets

♂ • Sertoli cell vacuoles are surrounded by membrane and occasionally contain multivesicular body-like structures

♂ • vacuolar membranes are often lined by actin filament bundles with endoplasmic reticulum cisternae located beneath them, suggesting germ cell loss

♂ • number of GATA4-immunoreactive Sertoli cells declines dramatically between 4 and 6 months of age, whereas the number of GATA1-and AR-immunoreactive Sertoli cells remains constant

seminiferous tubule degeneration ( J:169018 )

♂ • at 2.5 and 4 months of age, the seminiferous tubule epithelium shows signs of vacuolar degeneration

♂ • by 6 months, tubules show progressive atrophy at all stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle as well as dystrophic calcification in severely degenerated tubules

small testis ( J:169018 )

♂ • testes are overtly smaller at 6 months of age

♂ • however, male external genitalia and testicular descent appear normal

decreased testis weight ( J:169018 )

♂ • average testis weight is 59% and 41% of control weight at 6 and 8 months of age, respectively

♂ • however, body weight is not significantly altered

testicular atrophy ( J:169018 )

♂ • males develop age-dependent testicular atrophy

abnormal ovary physiology ( J:173711 )

♀ • ovaries of gonadotropin-stimulated immature females are significantly smaller, release fewer or no oocytes, and exhibit cystic changes and significantly lower mRNA levels of the steroidogenic gene Cyp19a1 than gonadotropin-stimulated control ovaries, with a trend towards reduced Star and Cyp11a1 expression

♀ • however, basal ovarian mRNA levels of Star, Cyp11a1 and Cyp19a1 are normal

abnormal Sertoli cell barrier function ( J:169018 )

♂ • permeability of the blood-testis barrier is significantly increased by 6 months of age

abnormal spermatogenesis ( J:169018 )

♂ • spermatogenesis is impaired with sloughing of spermatocytes and spermatids into the seminiferous tubule lumen, formation of multinucleated giant cells, and dystrophic calcification

oligozoospermia ( J:169018 )

♂ • at 6 months of age, caudal epididymal sperm concentrations are significantly lower than those in control males

abnormal spermatid morphology ( J:169018 )

♂ • by 6 months of age, the number of elongated spermatids is decreased

decreased superovulation rate ( J:173711 )

♀ • in response to exogenous gonadotropins, immature females show a significant decline in oocyte yield relative to superovulated controls

♀ • however, serum E2 levels of eCG-treated juvenile females are not altered

failure of superovulation ( J:173711 )

♀ • one-third of superovulated females tested release no oocytes

female infertility ( J:173711 )

♀ • 6 of 18 (33%) 2-mo-old females failed to produce offspring versus only 1 of 20 (5%) of control females

reduced female fertility ( J:173711 )

♀ • when housed with males of proven fertility, most 2-mo-old females are sub-fertile

decreased litter size ( J:173711 )

♀ • average litter size produced by females is about half that of control females

reduced male fertility ( J:169018 )

♂ • males show an abrupt decline in fertility after the first 5 months of life

♂ • however, males copulate with females at a normal rate

cellular

abnormal spermatid morphology ( J:169018 )

♂ • by 6 months of age, the number of elongated spermatids is decreased

decreased male germ cell number ( J:169018 )

♂ • by 6 months of age, males show marked depletion of germ cells in the later stages of development

oligozoospermia ( J:169018 )

♂ • at 6 months of age, caudal epididymal sperm concentrations are significantly lower than those in control males

multinucleated giant male germ cells ( J:169018 )

♂ • by 6 months of age, multinucleated giant cells, syncytia of degenerating spermatids, are found in the seminiferous tubules

increased male germ cell apoptosis ( J:169018 )

♂ • caspase-3 immunostaining revealed increased germ cell apoptosis at 6 months of age

decreased sperm progressive motility ( J:169018 )

♂ • males show an age-dependent decline in the % of progressively motile sperm

asthenozoospermia ( J:169018 )

♂ • males show an age-dependent decline in the % of total motile sperm

endocrine/exocrine glands

small ovary ( J:173711 )

♀ • ovaries of eCG plus hCG-treated immature females are significantly smaller than those in similarly treated control ovaries

♀ • however, unstimulated ovaries exhibit normal weight and gross morphology

ovary cyst ( J:173711 )

♀ • by 6 months of age, 6 of 7 (86%) ovaries exhibit very large, non-hemorrhagic cysts versus 0 of 10 (0%) ovaries from control females

♀ • ovarian cysts are lined by a flattened epithelium containing scattered ciliated cells

ovarian follicular cyst ( J:173711 )

♀ • ovaries of eCG plus hCG-treated immature females show hemorrhagic follicular cysts on their surface, not observed in similarly treated control ovaries

abnormal seminiferous tubule epithelium morphology ( J:169018 )

♂ • at 2.5 and 4 months of age, the seminiferous tubule epithelium shows signs of vacuolar degeneration

♂ • at 4 months, spermatocytes and spermatids are prematurely released from the seminiferous epithelium and sloughed into the epididymis

♂ • by 6 months, tubules show progressive atrophy suggesting marked depletion of germ cells; any remaining germ cells are abnormally positioned within the seminiferous epithelium

abnormal Sertoli cell morphology ( J:169018 )

♂ • at 2.5 months of age, Sertoli cells exhibit vacuolation and accumulation of large lipid droplets

♂ • Sertoli cell vacuoles are surrounded by membrane and occasionally contain multivesicular body-like structures

♂ • vacuolar membranes are often lined by actin filament bundles with endoplasmic reticulum cisternae located beneath them, suggesting germ cell loss

♂ • number of GATA4-immunoreactive Sertoli cells declines dramatically between 4 and 6 months of age, whereas the number of GATA1-and AR-immunoreactive Sertoli cells remains constant

seminiferous tubule degeneration ( J:169018 )

♂ • at 2.5 and 4 months of age, the seminiferous tubule epithelium shows signs of vacuolar degeneration

♂ • by 6 months, tubules show progressive atrophy at all stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle as well as dystrophic calcification in severely degenerated tubules

small testis ( J:169018 )

♂ • testes are overtly smaller at 6 months of age

♂ • however, male external genitalia and testicular descent appear normal

decreased testis weight ( J:169018 )

♂ • average testis weight is 59% and 41% of control weight at 6 and 8 months of age, respectively

♂ • however, body weight is not significantly altered

testicular atrophy ( J:169018 )

♂ • males develop age-dependent testicular atrophy

abnormal ovary physiology ( J:173711 )

♀ • ovaries of gonadotropin-stimulated immature females are significantly smaller, release fewer or no oocytes, and exhibit cystic changes and significantly lower mRNA levels of the steroidogenic gene Cyp19a1 than gonadotropin-stimulated control ovaries, with a trend towards reduced Star and Cyp11a1 expression

♀ • however, basal ovarian mRNA levels of Star, Cyp11a1 and Cyp19a1 are normal

abnormal Sertoli cell barrier function ( J:169018 )

♂ • permeability of the blood-testis barrier is significantly increased by 6 months of age

homeostasis/metabolism

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype ( J:169018 )

♂N • at 5-8 months of age, males show normal circulating levels of FSH and inhibin B relative to controls

decreased circulating anti-Mullerian hormone level ( J:173711 )

♀ • serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels are normal in 2.5-mo-old females but significantly lower than in female controls at 6 months of age, indicating impaired granulosa cell function

growth/size/body

ovary cyst ( J:173711 )

♀ • by 6 months of age, 6 of 7 (86%) ovaries exhibit very large, non-hemorrhagic cysts versus 0 of 10 (0%) ovaries from control females

♀ • ovarian cysts are lined by a flattened epithelium containing scattered ciliated cells

ovarian follicular cyst ( J:173711 )

♀ • ovaries of eCG plus hCG-treated immature females show hemorrhagic follicular cysts on their surface, not observed in similarly treated control ovaries

Genotype
MGI:7279301

cn3

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4⁺; Glyr1^em1Dsr/Glyr1⁺; Tg(Tek-cre)1Ywa/0
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J * SJL

cardiovascular system

ventricular septal defect ( J:322763 )

• VSD in all newborns, majority with atrio-ventricular septal defects (AVSDs)

mortality/aging

lethality throughout fetal growth and development, incomplete penetrance ( J:322763 )

• mice born at below Mendelian ratios

postnatal lethality, incomplete penetrance ( J:322763 )

• 63% newborns die by age P1

Mouse Models of Human Disease		DO ID	OMIM ID(s)	Ref(s)
atrioventricular septal defect		DOID:0050651	OMIM:606215 OMIM:614430 OMIM:614474	J:322763

Genotype
MGI:5562926

cn4

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad; Gata6^tm2.1Sad/Gata6^tm2.1Sad; Tg(Wt1-cre)1Jbeb/0
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J

mortality/aging

lethality throughout fetal growth and development, complete penetrance ( J:206877 )

• normal Mendelian ratios are observed through E14.5, but all mutants are necrotic by E15.5; no living animals are present at weaning

cardiovascular system

abnormal cardiovascular development ( J:206877 )

• at E13.5, hearts display some coronary plexus formation near the base with significantly vessel decreased spreading towards the apex

abnormal heart layer morphology ( J:206877 )

• numbers of sub-epicardial endothelial cells are decreased by <90% at E13.5 compared to wild-type

• numbers of epicardial cells are not different from wild type at E13.5

• 3-fold fewer inner-myocardial endothelial cells are detected in mutant hearts at E13.5

thin myocardium ( J:206877 )

• one third of E13.5 hearts display myocardial thinning (<2 SD from mean of wild-type)

thin ventricular wall ( J:206877 )

• mutants show decreased ventricular thickness compared to wild-type

decreased fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation ( J:206877 )

• at E13.5, myocardial proliferation is decreased compared to wild-type, contribution to the observed myocardial thinning

limbs/digits/tail

polydactyly ( J:206877 )

• hind limb polydactyly is observed in E14.5 embryos

cellular

decreased fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation ( J:206877 )

• at E13.5, myocardial proliferation is decreased compared to wild-type, contribution to the observed myocardial thinning

muscle

thin myocardium ( J:206877 )

• one third of E13.5 hearts display myocardial thinning (<2 SD from mean of wild-type)

decreased fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation ( J:206877 )

• at E13.5, myocardial proliferation is decreased compared to wild-type, contribution to the observed myocardial thinning

Genotype
MGI:5562927

cn5

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4⁺; Gata6^tm2.1Sad/Gata6^tm2.1Sad; Tg(Wt1-cre)1Jbeb/0
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J

mortality/aging

preweaning lethality, incomplete penetrance ( J:206877 )

• mutants are viable through E15.5, with a small number recovered at weaning

cardiovascular system

abnormal heart layer morphology ( J:206877 )

• a statistically significant decrease in sub-epicardicardial endothelial cells is observed at E13.5

Genotype
MGI:5562928

cn6

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad; Gata6^tm2.1Sad/Gata6⁺; Tg(Wt1-cre)1Jbeb/0
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J

mortality/aging

preweaning lethality, incomplete penetrance ( J:206877 )

• mutants are viable through E15.5, with a small number recovered at weaning

cardiovascular system

abnormal heart layer morphology ( J:206877 )

• a statistically significant decrease in sub-epicardicardial endothelial cells is observed at E13.5

Genotype
MGI:5775442

cn7

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.2Sad; Pax3^tm1(cre)Joe/Pax3⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J

muscle

muscle phenotype ( J:231793 )

N • mice exhibit normal diaphragm development

Genotype
MGI:5775444

cn8

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.2Sad; Pax3^Sp-d/Pax3^Sp-d; Tg(Prrx1-cre)1Cjt/0
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J * SJL/J

muscle

muscle phenotype ( J:231793 )

N • mice do not develop diaphragmatic hernias

respiratory system

respiratory system phenotype ( J:231793 )

N • mice do not exhibit lung defects

Genotype
MGI:5775440

cn9

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.2Sad; Tg(Prrx1-cre)1Cjt/0
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J * SJL/J

mortality/aging

neonatal lethality ( J:231793 )

• most mice die within a few hours of birth

muscle

abnormal diaphragm development ( J:231793 )

• mice exhibit a defect in the number and localization of muscle progenitors at E12.5

• at E14.5, differentiating myofibers are aberrant and myofibers and Pax7+ and MyoD+ muscle progenitors are absent in localized regions

abnormal muscle precursor cell morphology ( J:231793 )

• the number of muscle progenitors is reduced by increased cell death and decreased proliferation

diaphragmatic hernia ( J:231793 )

• 100% of mice develop multiple hernias throughout the diaphragm

• overt herniation of liver through the diaphragm first occurs at E16.5

• size and location of hernias vary, with 68% forming in the dorsal lateral diaphragm (Bochdalek hernias) and 32% developing in the ventral diaphragm (Morgagni hernias)

• hernias occur only in muscle-associated regions and not in the central tendon

abnormal muscle precursor cell physiology ( J:231793 )

• increase in the number of apoptotic cells in E12.5 embryos, many of which are present in regions that are abnormally devoid or muscle and consistently give rise to hernias

• decrease in the number of proliferative muscle progenitor cells in E12.5 embryos

homeostasis/metabolism

decreased blood oxygen saturation level ( J:231793 )

• mice exhibit low oxygen blood saturation

respiratory system

abnormal lung lobe morphology ( J:231793 )

• defects in the lung lobar structure

abnormal lung volume ( J:231793 )

• up to a 34% reduction in lung volume of lobes adjacent to hernias

Mouse Models of Human Disease		DO ID	OMIM ID(s)	Ref(s)
congenital diaphragmatic hernia		DOID:3827	OMIM:142340 OMIM:222400 OMIM:610187	J:231793

Genotype
MGI:3783260

cn10

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad; Tg(Myh6-cre)1Jmk/0
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CD-1

cardiovascular system

abnormal myocardial fiber morphology ( J:121367 )

• 30% of cells having Gata4 expression are larger than Gata4-deficient cells in the heart

dilated heart ( J:121367 )

• heart displays dilation, but this is less prominent than if deletion is produced by Tg(Myh7-cre)1Jmk

decreased cardiac muscle contractility ( J:121367 )

• significant reduction of fractional shortening is observed at 24 weeks

muscle

abnormal myocardial fiber morphology ( J:121367 )

• 30% of cells having Gata4 expression are larger than Gata4-deficient cells in the heart

decreased cardiac muscle contractility ( J:121367 )

• significant reduction of fractional shortening is observed at 24 weeks

respiratory system

pulmonary edema ( J:121367 )

• following transverse aortic constriction (TAC), severe pulmonary edema is observed

homeostasis/metabolism

pulmonary edema ( J:121367 )

• following transverse aortic constriction (TAC), severe pulmonary edema is observed

Genotype
MGI:3783262

cn11

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad; Nkx2-5^tm1(cre)Rjs/Nkx2-5⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CD-1

mortality/aging

prenatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:121367 )

• animals die between E12.5 and E15.5

cardiovascular system

thin ventricular wall ( J:121367 )

• uniform reduction in ventricular wall thickness is observed in embryos

muscle

increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis ( J:121367 )

• higher levels of apoptosis (TUNEL) are observed compared to Myh6-cre; Gata4-conditional mutants

cellular

increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis ( J:121367 )

• higher levels of apoptosis (TUNEL) are observed compared to Myh6-cre; Gata4-conditional mutants

Genotype
MGI:3783259

cn12

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad; Tg(Myh7-cre)1Jmk/0
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CD-1

mortality/aging

premature death ( J:121367 )

• by 40 weeks of age, around 25% of mutants have died

• when transverse aortic constriction (TAC) is performed, around 10% mutants and controls die, but in contrast to controls, mutants exhibit mortality in the postsurgical period

cardiovascular system

abnormal myocardial fiber morphology ( J:121367 )

• following 4 weeks of TAC, significant reduction in cardiomyocyte area is observed compared to control cells

cardiac hypertrophy ( J:121367 )

• following 4 weeks of TAC, hypertrophic response is 40-50% of that measured in controls after TAC

• swimming-induced cardiac hypertrophy is significantly less than in wild-type controls

abnormal heart ventricle morphology ( J:121367 )

• following 4 weeks of TAC, ventricular wall thickness shows attenuated growth (hypertrophy) compared to controls

dilated heart ( J:121367 )

• TAC performed at 8 weeks of age rapidly and progressively induces decompensation and dilation in mutants but not in controls when examined at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks following surgery

dilated heart left ventricle ( J:121367 )

• mutants show significant increases in left ventricular end-systolic and -diastolic volumes indicating ventricular dilation

decreased cardiac muscle contractility ( J:121367 )

• significant reduction in fractional shortening is observed at 12 weeks, and progressively worsens to 24 weeks of age

muscle

abnormal myocardial fiber morphology ( J:121367 )

• following 4 weeks of TAC, significant reduction in cardiomyocyte area is observed compared to control cells

decreased cardiac muscle contractility ( J:121367 )

• significant reduction in fractional shortening is observed at 12 weeks, and progressively worsens to 24 weeks of age

increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis ( J:121367 )

• baseline apoptosis in cardiomyocytes measured by TUNEL staining is significantly increased relative to controls at 12 and 20 weeks of age

respiratory system

pulmonary edema ( J:121367 )

• following TAC, mice show severe pulmonary edema whereas control animals do not develop edema

homeostasis/metabolism

pulmonary edema ( J:121367 )

• following TAC, mice show severe pulmonary edema whereas control animals do not develop edema

cellular

increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis ( J:121367 )

• baseline apoptosis in cardiomyocytes measured by TUNEL staining is significantly increased relative to controls at 12 and 20 weeks of age

growth/size/body

cardiac hypertrophy ( J:121367 )

• following 4 weeks of TAC, hypertrophic response is 40-50% of that measured in controls after TAC

• swimming-induced cardiac hypertrophy is significantly less than in wild-type controls

Genotype
MGI:3053001

cn13

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad; Tg(Tek-cre)1Ywa/?
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CD-1

cardiovascular system

cardiovascular system phenotype ( J:92434 )

N • despite the absence of Gata4 in the endocardium, trabeculae were found in E10.5 embryos

Genotype
MGI:5141278

cn14

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad; Tg(Myh6-Map2k1*)1Jmol/0; Tg(Myh7-cre)1Jmk/0
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * FVB

cardiovascular system

abnormal heart size ( J:174537 )

• hypertrophy is markedly attenuated compared to mutant mice not expressing cre

Genotype
MGI:5141279

cx15

• Allelic Composition: Gata4^tm1.1Sad/Gata4^tm1.1Sad; Tg(Myh6-Map2k1*)1Jmol/0
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * FVB

cardiovascular system

cardiac hypertrophy ( J:174537 )

• about a 30% increase in ventricular weight compared to mutant mice not carrying the transgene

growth/size/body

cardiac hypertrophy ( J:174537 )

• about a 30% increase in ventricular weight compared to mutant mice not carrying the transgene