behavior/neurological
• papillary light reflex is absent when exposed to light bright enough to cause 50% constriction in wild-type controls
• all mice have about a 50% decrease in papillary light reflex in response to high intensity light
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• there is a slight but significant decrease in the image-tracking reflex of these mice
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• mouse activity occurs randomly over a 7-hour light/dark cycle while wild-type controls confine their activity to the dark phases
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• mice have a significantly longer mean period of 23.8 hours under constant dark conditions compared to 23.3 for wild-type mice
• under constant light conditions mice maintain a mean period under 24 hours while wild-type mice extend their mean period to 25.5 hours
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• a light stimulus administered for 15 minutes fails to affect the phase onset of activity while wild-type mice shift phases by 1.66 hours
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• two-thirds of mice fail to synchronize when the light/dark cycle is shifted by six hours
• the other third show weak synchronization but do not form stable relationships to the light/dark cycle
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nervous system
• very few fibers innervate the SCN from the retinal ganglion cells
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• less than 3% of retinal ganglion cells expressing melanopsin are present compared to wild-type controls
• there are fewer fiber terminals from the retinal ganglion cells reach into the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the intergeniculate leaflet, and the olivary pretectal nucleus
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vision/eye
• papillary light reflex is absent when exposed to light bright enough to cause 50% constriction in wild-type controls
• all mice have about a 50% decrease in papillary light reflex in response to high intensity light
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• there is a slight but significant decrease in the image-tracking reflex of these mice
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• less than 3% of retinal ganglion cells expressing melanopsin are present compared to wild-type controls
• there are fewer fiber terminals from the retinal ganglion cells reach into the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the intergeniculate leaflet, and the olivary pretectal nucleus
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