mortality/aging
• live embryos were found in the expected ratios at all times in development but no mutant mice survived more than a few hours
|
craniofacial
• cranial defects are observed at midgestation stages
|
• the basioccipital bone is present but smaller in size
|
• the frontal bone is missing
|
• the interparietal bone is greatly reduced in size
|
• the parietal bone is greatly reduced in size
|
• the mandible is thickened
|
• the mandible is shortened
|
• the nasal capsule is missing
|
• reduced in size and striking decrease of neural crest cells
|
cleft palate
(
J:134482
)
• all mutant mice had a severe cleft face and palate incompatible with survival
|
• the facial midline never fused
|
digestive/alimentary system
cleft palate
(
J:134482
)
• all mutant mice had a severe cleft face and palate incompatible with survival
|
respiratory system
• the nasal capsule is missing
|
• due to severe cleft face and palate, mutant mice were unable to breathe after birth
|
vision/eye
• the eyelids were partially open at birth
|
skeleton
• cranial defects are observed at midgestation stages
|
• the basioccipital bone is present but smaller in size
|
• the frontal bone is missing
|
• the interparietal bone is greatly reduced in size
|
• the parietal bone is greatly reduced in size
|
• the mandible is thickened
|
• the mandible is shortened
|
• the nasal capsule is missing
|
embryo
• fewer neural crest cells entering the heart field
|
• no mutant neural crest cells entered the developing gut
|
• reduced in size and striking decrease of neural crest cells
|
nervous system
• the neurons and glia in enteric nerves system derived from neural crest cell are absent
|
• spinal nerves along the trunk of the mutant embryos were thinner
|
• spinal nerves exiting the dorsal root ganglia are absent
|
cardiovascular system
• a duplication of the left common carotid artery
|
• fewer neural crest cells entering the heart field
|
cellular
• increased apoptotic cells in the dorsal spinal cord, in the hindbrain, and in the posterior tail
|
• fewer neural crest cells entering the heart field
|
• no mutant neural crest cells entered the developing gut
|
growth/size/body
• the nasal capsule is missing
|
cleft palate
(
J:134482
)
• all mutant mice had a severe cleft face and palate incompatible with survival
|
• the facial midline never fused
|