cardiovascular system
• small decrease in heart weight to body weight ratio
• mice do not exhibit cardiac hypertrophy
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• papillary muscle fibers exhibit increased calcium sensitivity of steady state force development in both sedentary and exercised groups
• maximal steady state force developed by muscle fibers is decreased in both sedentary and exercised groups
• muscle fibers show an increased rate of force activation and moderately increased rate of relaxation
• cardiac muscle is less sensitive to acidic pH and shows a smaller decrease in calcium-sensitivity of force development indicating a loss of sensitivity to pH-induced shifts in calcium dependence of force
• large increase in the calcium sensitivity of the ATPase activity and force development in skinned fibers
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mortality/aging
N |
• mice exhibit normal survival and chronic swimming exercises do not affect survival
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