Analysis Tools
growth/size/body
|
• male and female mice are 35% smaller by weight at birth and through the first 15 weeks of life
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
|
• cells of the zona fasciculate are 40% smaller than in wild-type mice
|
|
• the percentage of islet cell volume to total pancreas volume in mice between 12-16 weeks of age is 1.2% compared to 0.8% in wild-type mice
|
|
• islet cell hypoplasia is noted in older male mice despite the hyperplasia observed in younger mice
• the percentage of islet cell volume to total pancreas volume in mice between 84-88 weeks of age is reduced compared to wild-type mice
|
|
• pancreas volume is 30% smaller compared to wild-type mice at 12-16 weeks of age but not in mice 84-88 weeks of age
|
small testis
(
J:136089
)
 |
• testis volume is 50% smaller than in wild-type males, which is a bigger reduction than the 20% reduction of other organs
|
homeostasis/metabolism
|
• mice have 3-fold or higher levels of circulating insulin than control mice
• higher insulin occurs in both mice between 12-16 weeks of age or mice over 1 year of age
• fasted mice do not have higher levels of insulin than in controls
• 1 or 6 hours after refeeding, insulin levels are back to being 3-fold higher than controls
|
|
• glucose challenge in fasted male and female mice aged 12-16 weeks results in significant increases in blood glucose levels over those observed in wild-type mice
• glucose intolerance is even greater in mice over one year in age
|
|
• injection of insulin leads to blunted drops in blood glucose levels compared to controls
• in mice over one year of age, insulin administration causes virtually no drops in blood glucose
• hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies also reveal insulin resistance as 3-fold less glucose is needed to maintain euglucemia in mutant mice compared to controls
|
reproductive system
small testis
(
J:136089
)
|
|
• testis volume is 50% smaller than in wild-type males, which is a bigger reduction than the 20% reduction of other organs
|
renal/urinary system
|
• kidney size is not reduced compared to wild-type mice despite the decrease in size of other organs and in total body weight
|
immune system
small spleen
(
J:136089
)
|
• spleen volume is reduced by 20% compared to wild-type
|
nervous system
|
• brain volume is reduced by 20% compared to wild-type
|
hematopoietic system
small spleen
(
J:136089
)
|
• spleen volume is reduced by 20% compared to wild-type
|
