All Phenotypes Gnrhr<tm1.1(cre)Uboe> MGI Mouse

asthenozoospermia ( J:204036 )

• some males show more severe effects on sperm motility than others, indicating variable asthenospermia

• however, 70% of males show normal sperm vigor and progression

immotile sperm ( J:204036 )

• 30% of males lack motile sperm

decreased corpora lutea number ( J:204036 )

• after natural mating, corpora lutea counts are significantly lower than in controls

impaired ovarian folliculogenesis ( J:204036 )

• female subfertility is at least partly due to a reduction in ovarian follicle development and/or ovulation, not a primary ovarian defect

decreased ovary weight ( J:204036 )

• 6- to 11-week-old females show a 34% reduction in normalized ovary weights relative to control females

• however, all follicles at all stages are observed

• normalized uterine weights are normal

abnormal seminiferous tubule morphology ( J:204036 )

• all males have tubules exhibiting disorganized spermatogenic stages, retention of spermatids, sloughing of germ cells, and presence of pyknotic cells

• lumina are either decreased in size or absent in many testes

• however, no increase in apoptotic cell number is detected by TUNEL staining

decreased Sertoli cell number ( J:204036 )

• males show a 43% reduction in Sertoli cell numbers

small testis ( J:204036 )

decreased testis weight ( J:204036 )

• 8- to 13-week-old males show significantly lower normalized testes weights than control males

• however, normalized seminal vesicles and epididymal weights are normal

abnormal ovary physiology ( J:204036 )

• ovaries of randomly-cycling females show significantly lower Lhr and Ccnd2 mRNA levels than control ovaries

abnormal testis physiology ( J:204036 )

• testes show significantly higher Fshr mRNA levels than control testes

abnormal spermatogenesis ( J:204036 )

• males display a range of spermatogenic defects, spanning from mild alterations in spermatogenic cell associations to a complete arrest of spermatogenesis

oligozoospermia ( J:204036 )

• testicular and cauda epididymal sperm counts are reduced by 61% and 75%, respectively

arrest of spermatogenesis ( J:204036 )

• some males exhibit a complete arrest of spermatogenesis, as shown by a lack of luminal spermatids

arrest of male meiosis ( J:204036 )

• in some cases, spermatogenesis is arrested at meiosis; few to no haploid round spermatids are observed

delayed vaginal opening ( J:204036 )

• females show a slight delay in vaginal opening relative to controls

decreased ovulation rate ( J:204036 )

• in natural matings, 65-day-old females ovulate significantly fewer cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) than controls

• however, juvenile (24- to 28-day-old) females ovulate normal COC numbers after exogenous gonadotropin stimulation (eCG plus hCG)

prolonged estrus ( J:204036 )

• some females appear to spend extended periods of time in estrus

• however, no significant differences in the number of cycles per 5 days or % of time spent in each cycle stage are observed

reduced female fertility ( J:204036 )

• adult females produce fewer total litters than controls when paired with wild-type males for a period of 6 months

• litter frequency (per 30 days) is significantly reduced in females, but not in males

decreased litter size ( J:204036 , J:204036 )

	• average litter size is reduced by 56% in females (J:204036)
	• average litter size is reduced by 35% in males (J:204036)

reduced male fertility ( J:204036 )

• adult males produce fewer total litters than controls when paired with wild-type females for a period of 6 months

• 4 of 7 males cumulatively produced 23 litters and 87% of all pups, whereas remaining 3 males only sired 4 total litters, indicating variable penetrance in males

decreased circulating luteinizing hormone level ( J:204036 )

• serum LH levels are significantly decreased in adult males relative to controls

• however, serum testosterone levels are normal

increased circulating luteinizing hormone level ( J:204036 )

• serum LH levels are increased 2.5-fold in randomly-cycling females relative to controls

• however, 17beta-estradiol levels are normal in metestrus/diestrus staged females

decreased follicle stimulating hormone level ( J:204036 )

• adult mice show a significant decrease in FSHB protein and Fshb mRNA expression in their pituitaries

• however, pituitary size and cell density are normal

decreased circulating follicle stimulating hormone level ( J:204036 )

• serum FSH levels are significantly reduced in both adult males and randomly-cycling females relative to age-matched controls

• FSH deficiency is likely secondary to a selective reduction in pituitary Fshb expression