growth/size/body
immune system
• older mice exhibit lymphadenosis associated with exfoliative dermatitis
|
dermatitis
(
J:136451
)
• acute
|
integument
• keratinocyte apoptosis rates are increased compared to in wild-type mice
|
• the inner hair root sheath is shorter than in wild-type mice and associated with increased apoptosis
|
• keratinocyte proliferation rates are increased compared to in wild-type mice
|
dermatitis
(
J:136451
)
• acute
|
• the number of air columns is reduced by one
• the clubs are longer than in wild-type mice
|
• the number of air columns is reduced by one
• the clubs are longer than in wild-type mice
|
• at 4 weeks of age, mice coats appears disheveled, thinner and dull compared to wild-type mice
|
• by 2 months of age mice have no hair on their ventral side
mice develop secondary alopecia
|
• at day 7
|
sparse hair
(
J:136451
)
• in 90% of mice at P21
|
brittle hair
(
J:136451
)
• at day 8, hair is thin and brittle breaking near the hair bulb unlike in wild-type mice
|
matted coat
(
J:136451
)
• at 4 weeks of age
|
ruffled hair
(
J:136451
)
• irregular and even missing near the tips of the guard hairs
|
• the ladder-like pattern of the medulla is often deformed
• abnormalities in the medullar structure are likely due to reduced mitotic activity
|
• hair shafts in the medulla are densely packed lacking normal airspaces
|
• the clubs are longer than in wild-type mice
|
• the inner hair root sheath is shorter than in wild-type mice and associated with increased apoptosis
|
• deeper hair follicles are misaligned
|
• hair follicles in vibrissae exhibit swellings in the melanogenic zone or within the hair shafts
|
• desmosomes are found in clump-like aggregates instead of in bead-like patterns as in wild-type mice
• while apical desmosomes are normal lateral desmosomes are lost with areas of interdigitation between keratinocytes forming
• the density of desmosomes and adherence junctions is altered
|
• at 3 weeks of age
|
acanthosis
(
J:136451
)
• at 3 weeks of age
|
• at 3 weeks of age, mice exhibit severe hyperplasia with acanthosis, parakeratosis, pustulosis and skin erythema
• mice exhibit pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the peripheral epidermis
|
• the skin epidermis has one or two extra suprabasal cell layers than in wild-type mice
|
reddish skin
(
J:136451
)
• at 3 weeks of age
|
cellular
• keratinocyte apoptosis rates are increased compared to in wild-type mice
|
• the inner hair root sheath is shorter than in wild-type mice and associated with increased apoptosis
|
• keratinocyte proliferation rates are increased compared to in wild-type mice
|