reproductive system
N |
• mice exhibit normal reproductive system morphology and physiology
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embryo
N |
• embryogenesis is normal
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immune system
• mice show increased susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, showing an increase in weight loss, higher viral load, an increase in total cells resident in the lungs, particularly in total CD3+ T-cells, an increase in total cellular infiltrate in the BAL fluid, especially of granulocytes, and an increase in the inflammatory cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-1beta, compared to RSV-infected wild-type mice
• mice, however, show normal responses to Salmonella typhimuriam, Citrobacter rodentium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Plasmodium berghei challenge
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• mice show increased susceptibility to infection with a low-pathogenicity murine-adapted H3N2 influenza A virus and to human isolate of pandemic influenza A H1N1, showing higher viral load in the lungs (but not other organs), weight loss, development of fulminant viral pneumonia and increased death
• lungs of influenza A infected mice show extensive edema, red blood cell extravasation, hemorrhagic pleural effusion and multiple, large lesions on all lung lobes, reduced proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells, elevated levels of neutrophils, leukopenia, and exaggerated pro-inflammatory responses (increase in TNF-alpha, IL-6, G-CSF, and MCP-1 levels)
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• mice become moribund when challenged with a low-pathogenicity murine-adapted H3N2 influenza A virus
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mortality/aging
• mice become moribund when challenged with a low-pathogenicity murine-adapted H3N2 influenza A virus
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