growth/size/body
• 15% less water and 28% less ash than in wild-type mice after dehydration and extraction
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• despite same food intake, mice fed a low or deficient vitamin A diet weigh more than similarly treated wild-type mice
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• male mice fed a low or deficient vitamin A diet are longer than similarly treated wild-type mice
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• 25% increase compared to in wild-type mice
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• 58% increase compared to in wild-type mice
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adipose tissue
• epididymal, retroperitonal and brown fat pads weight 1.8-fold more than in wild-type mice while mesentery, femoral and inguinal fat pads weight 3.7-, 2.7- and 2.8-fold, respectively, more than in wild-type mice and are disproportional large relative to body weight
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• despite same food intake, mice have 59% more fat and a 39% greater adiposity index compared to wild-type mice after dehydration and extractions
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homeostasis/metabolism
• when fed a high or marginal vitamin A diet, mice exhibit a 2-fold increase in liver retinol levels compared to similarly treated wild-type mice
• when fed a marginal vitamin A diet, mice exhibit a 40% increase in kidney retinol levels
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liver/biliary system
• 58% increase compared to in wild-type mice
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renal/urinary system
• 25% increase compared to in wild-type mice
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embryo
N |
• regardless of vitamin A content in maternal diet, mice develop normally
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