mortality/aging
• mice are all dead by E11.5 to E12.5
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• some mouse loss occurs prior to E9.5
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cardiovascular system
• organized sarcomere structures are absent
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• despite normal heart looping, ventricular walls are thinner than in wild-type or heterozygous mice
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• spontaneous or electrically-stimulated contraction is absent
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embryo
muscle
• organized sarcomere structures are absent
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• spontaneous or electrically-stimulated contraction is absent
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growth/size/body
homeostasis/metabolism