Analysis Tools
homeostasis/metabolism
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• significantly improved cold tolerance in 7-mo-old mice fed a 10% fat diet or a 45% fat diet during a 3-hr exposure to 4 degrees C relative to wild-type controls
• enhanced expression of genes involved in thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in brown adipose tissue in mice fed a 10% fat diet following acute cold exposure, indicating enhanced non-shivering thermogenesis
• however, no obvious differences in behavior or muscle shivering intensity
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• in fasting mice fed a high fat diet
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• prior to and after CL316243 treatment to stimulate the beta3-adrenergic receptor
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• significant increase in serum glycerol levels in 5-mo-old mice fed a control (10% fat) diet relative to wild-type controls
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• in mice fed a high fat diet
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• in mice fed a high fat diet
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• trend toward increased levels of oxygen consumption in mice exposed to the dark, whether fed a 10% fat diet or a 45% fat diet
• however, no significant differences in respiratory quotient relative to wild-type controls, whether fed a 10% fat diet or a 45% fat diet
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• in mice fed a high fat diet
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• in mice fed a high fat diet
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• whether mice are fed a chow or high fat diet
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• white adipose tissue explants from mice fed a chow diet exhibit increased basal and isoproterenol-stimulated glycerol and free fatty acid release compared with wild-type cells
(J:209000)
• white adipose tissue explants from mice fed a high fat diet exhibit increased basal, but not isoproterenol-stimulated, glycerol and free fatty acid release compared with wild-type cells
(J:209000)
• elevated adipose lipolysis whether mice are fed a chow or high fat diet
(J:209000)
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• increased lipolysis in mice fed a 10% fat diet, as shown by elevated serum glycerol levels and a trend toward increased serum free fatty acid levels
(J:225236)
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behavior/neurological
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• pups from homozygous mutant mothers lack a visible milk spot, unlike pups from wild-type or heterozygous mothers
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• significantly lower % of active time at some time points during the dark period in mice fed a 10% fat diet or a 45% fat diet relative to wild-type controls
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cellular
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• mutant MEFs contain many small intracellular lipid droplets but these fail to mature into larger lipid droplets, unlike in wild-type MEFs
• after induction by adipogenic agents, MEFs derived from E13.5 mutant embryos show less accumulation of lipid droplets than wild-type MEFs
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• pups born to homozygous mutant mothers typically do not survive beyond 48 hrs of birth and lack a visible milk spot
• however, fostering pups with wild-type mothers allows them to survive at normal ratios
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adipose tissue
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• whether mice are fed a chow or high fat diet
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• decreased adiposity relative to wild-type controls
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• after induction by adipogenic agents, MEFs derived from E13.5 mutant embryos show less accumulation of lipid droplets than wild-type MEFs
• mutant MEFs contain many small intracellular lipid droplets but these fail to mature into larger lipid droplets, unlike in wild-type MEFs
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• increased frequency of epididymal white adipocytes with reduced size (diameter) on a normal diet relative to wild-type controls
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• 30% reduction in epididymal WAT weight at 12 weeks of age
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• whether mice are fed a chow or high fat diet
(J:209000)
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• significant decrease in gonadal fat pad weight in mice fed a control (10% fat) diet relative to wild-type controls
(J:225236)
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• whether mice are fed a chow or high fat diet
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• whether mice are fed a chow or high fat diet
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• whether mice are fed a chow or high fat diet
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• white adipose tissue explants from mice fed a chow diet exhibit increased basal and isoproterenol-stimulated glycerol and free fatty acid release compared with wild-type cells
• white adipose tissue explants from mice fed a high fat diet exhibit increased basal, but not isoproterenol-stimulated, glycerol and free fatty acid release compared with wild-type cells
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• pups nursed by homozygous mutant mothers lack a visible milk spot, unlike pups nursed by wild-type mothers, suggesting a lactation defect
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liver/biliary system
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• normal liver weight at 12 weeks of age relative to wild-type controls
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• darker color in mice fed a high fat diet
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• whether mice are fed a chow or high fat diet
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• whether mice are fed a chow or high fat diet
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• in mice fed a high fat diet
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integument
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• pups nursed by homozygous mutant mothers lack a visible milk spot, unlike pups nursed by wild-type mothers, suggesting a lactation defect
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renal/urinary system
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• in mice fed a chow diet
• however, mice fed a high fat diet exhibit normal kidney weight
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growth/size/body
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• modestly in mice fed a chow diet
(J:209000)
• in mice fed a high fat diet, especially in female mice
(J:209000)
• 15% reduction in body weight, due to a 30% reduction in adipose content at 12 weeks of age
(J:232077)
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• significant decrease in relative body weight gain after 2 weeks on a control (10% fat) diet, but not on a 45% fat diet, relative to wild-type controls
• however, no significant differences in food intake during 14 weeks on a 10% fat or a 45% fat diet relative to wild-type controls
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