mortality/aging
• over 90% of mice die within the first 9 days of life and all die prior to P30
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respiratory system
• cartilage plates on the bronchi are abnormally patterned
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• at E13.5, the circumference of the trachea is 40% greater than in wild-type mice
• at E14.5, the circumference of the trachea is 50% greater than in wild-type mice
• embryonic tracheal epithelium stratification is absent resulting in thinner epithelium than in wild-type mice
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• development of smooth muscle cells is severely disrupted with globular distribution of cells rather than the filaments observed in wild-type mice
• the trachaelis muscle is absent from the dorsal aspect of the trachea
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• mice lack ciliated epithelial cells in regions of evaginated tracheal epithelium
• however, the remainder of the tracheal epithelium is normally ciliated
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• mice exhibit ventral gaps in the entire rostrocaudal axis of the tracheae that are observed as early as E15.5 in all mice
• trachea cartilage rings exhibit multiple disconnected cartilage condensations with intervening epithelial evaginations
• however, prechondrocytes are present at E12.5 and there is no change in proliferation or apoptosis rates in the trachea
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growth/size/body
• at P3, mice weight 65% of wild-type
• at P21, surviving mice weight less than half as mice as wild-type mice
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homeostasis/metabolism
muscle
• development of smooth muscle cells is severely disrupted with globular distribution of cells rather than the filaments observed in wild-type mice
• the trachaelis muscle is absent from the dorsal aspect of the trachea
|
skeleton
• mice exhibit ventral gaps in the entire rostrocaudal axis of the tracheae that are observed as early as E15.5 in all mice
• trachea cartilage rings exhibit multiple disconnected cartilage condensations with intervening epithelial evaginations
• however, prechondrocytes are present at E12.5 and there is no change in proliferation or apoptosis rates in the trachea
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digestive/alimentary system
aerophagia
(
J:138613
)
• mice exhibit aerophagia
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