Analysis Tools
immune system
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• is noted in some cases
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• neutrophils fail to migrate efficiently across a filter in response to different concentrations of the chemoattractant MLP
• neutrophils have defects in actin polymerization near the leading edge of cellular membranes
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• T cells have reduced proliferation in response to CD3 and CD28 stimulation and do not increase proliferation when activated in the presence of IL-2
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• macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria is impaired by more than half
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• neutrophils have a 3-fold decrease in their ability to phagocytose fluorescent-conjugated beads and bacteria in response to MLP stimulation
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• mutant bone marrow cells poorly reconstitute the thymi of immunideficient hosts with low numbers of mature T cells resulting in the periphery
• in these same recipient mice, mature B cells fail to develop unless recipient animals are also lethally irradiated in which case low numbers of B cells are found in the periphery
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• the generation in vitro of Th17 T cells from mutant nave CD4+ T cells is enhanced compared to controls
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• the percentage of double negative thymocytes is increased more than five fold as alphabeta T cell development is delayed at the DN3 to DN4 transition
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• the percentage of double positive thymocytes is decreased as alphabeta T cell development is impaired at the double negative stage
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• the ratio of FoxP3+CD4+ T cells to FoxP3-CD4+ T cells is enhanced in these mice both in the thymus and in the spleen
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• lymphocytes numbers are decreased about 3.5-fold in the blood
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• B cell numbers in the periphery are reduced by at least 75%
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• CD4+ T cell numbers are decreased in the thymus and in the periphery by at least 75%
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• CD8+ T cell numbers are decreased in the thymus and in the periphery by at least 75%
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• gamma-delta T cell numbers are reduced in the thymus by 6-fold and in the spleen by 3-fold
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• white blood cell count in the blood is increased about 2- to 2.5- fold
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• neutrophil numbers are increased 25-fold in the blood
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• serum IL-17 levels are about 3-fold higher than controls
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• serum IL-6 levels are more than 2-fold higher than controls
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• thymi are under developed and lack a clear cortical/medullary architecture
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• thymus numbers are reduced by 30-fold
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• spleen hyperplasia occurs in these mice even though lymphoid cells are depleted, because of marked proliferation of myeloid and erythroid progenitors
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• lymph node hypoplasia is commonly found in these mice
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• T cells produce 15-fold more IL-17 when activated
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• activated T cells secrete 2-fold more IL-6 than controls
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• activated T cells secrete 2-fold more TNF than controls
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• is noted in some cases
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• is noted in some cases
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growth/size/body
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• some inflammation of the thoracic pleura is noted
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• spleen hyperplasia occurs in these mice even though lymphoid cells are depleted, because of marked proliferation of myeloid and erythroid progenitors
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homeostasis/metabolism
amyloidosis
(
J:141377
)
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• occurs occasionally in these mice, especially in the liver
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• serum IL-17 levels are about 3-fold higher than controls
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• serum IL-6 levels are more than 2-fold higher than controls
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cardiovascular system
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• myocardial fibrosis occasionally occurs in these mice
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• is noted in some cases
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respiratory system
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• is noted in some cases
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liver/biliary system
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• is noted in some cases
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• dense amyloid accumulations containing foci of mineral at the margins of the liver is observed
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renal/urinary system
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• an increase in mesangial matrix and cellularity in the kidneys of these mice are consistent with membranoproliferative glomerulopathy
• these lesions are commonly found in this mouse strain
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reproductive system
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• inflammation of the epididymis is sometimes observed
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hematopoietic system
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• neutrophils fail to migrate efficiently across a filter in response to different concentrations of the chemoattractant MLP
• neutrophils have defects in actin polymerization near the leading edge of cellular membranes
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• T cells have reduced proliferation in response to CD3 and CD28 stimulation and do not increase proliferation when activated in the presence of IL-2
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• macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria is impaired by more than half
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• neutrophils have a 3-fold decrease in their ability to phagocytose fluorescent-conjugated beads and bacteria in response to MLP stimulation
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• thymi are under developed and lack a clear cortical/medullary architecture
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• thymus numbers are reduced by 30-fold
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• spleen hyperplasia occurs in these mice even though lymphoid cells are depleted, because of marked proliferation of myeloid and erythroid progenitors
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• CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM progenitors are decreased in the bone marrow by a third to a half but are dramatically increased in the peripheral blood
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• mutant bone marrow cells poorly reconstitute the thymi of immunideficient hosts with low numbers of mature T cells resulting in the periphery
• in these same recipient mice, mature B cells fail to develop unless recipient animals are also lethally irradiated in which case low numbers of B cells are found in the periphery
|
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• the generation in vitro of Th17 T cells from mutant nave CD4+ T cells is enhanced compared to controls
|
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• the percentage of double negative thymocytes is increased more than five fold as alphabeta T cell development is delayed at the DN3 to DN4 transition
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• the percentage of double positive thymocytes is decreased as alphabeta T cell development is impaired at the double negative stage
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• marked proliferation of myeloid and erythroid progenitors in the spleen is indicative of extramedullary hemopoiesis
• splenocytes have almost a 5-fold increase in the percentage of (Lin-Sca1+cKit+ hematopoietic stem cells
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• the abnormal RBC shapes and lower MCV and hemocrit are all indicative of hypochromic microcytic anemia
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• BFU-E progenitors are decreased in the bone marrow by a third to a half but are dramatically increased in the peripheral blood
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• hematocrit is reduced by more than a third
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• MCV is reduced around a third compared to controls
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• acanthocytes (thorny red blood cells) are observed in the blood
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• dacryocytes (tear-shaped red blood cells) are observed in the blood
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• keratocytes (horned-shaped cells), dacryocytes (tear-shaped cells) and acanthocytes (thorny cells) are all observed in the blood
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• RBC fragments are observed in the blood
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• the ratio of FoxP3+CD4+ T cells to FoxP3-CD4+ T cells is enhanced in these mice both in the thymus and in the spleen
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• lymphocytes numbers are decreased about 3.5-fold in the blood
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• B cell numbers in the periphery are reduced by at least 75%
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• CD4+ T cell numbers are decreased in the thymus and in the periphery by at least 75%
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• CD8+ T cell numbers are decreased in the thymus and in the periphery by at least 75%
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• gamma-delta T cell numbers are reduced in the thymus by 6-fold and in the spleen by 3-fold
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• white blood cell count in the blood is increased about 2- to 2.5- fold
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• neutrophil numbers are increased 25-fold in the blood
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• the number of reticulocytes is greatly increased
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• RBC are more sensitive to changes in osmolarity with more than double the percentage of cells lysing at 0.47% and 0.26% NaCl than wild-type
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cellular
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• neutrophils fail to migrate efficiently across a filter in response to different concentrations of the chemoattractant MLP
• neutrophils have defects in actin polymerization near the leading edge of cellular membranes
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• T cells have reduced proliferation in response to CD3 and CD28 stimulation and do not increase proliferation when activated in the presence of IL-2
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• macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria is impaired by more than half
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• neutrophils have a 3-fold decrease in their ability to phagocytose fluorescent-conjugated beads and bacteria in response to MLP stimulation
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• thymi are under developed and lack a clear cortical/medullary architecture
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• thymus numbers are reduced by 30-fold
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