mortality/aging
• all mice die by 4 weeks of age
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• 50% of mice die within the first two weeks and all mice die within 4 weeks of birth
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muscle
• the number of thick filaments in bladder smooth muscles cells and the cross-sectional diameter of myosin filaments are decreased compared to in wild-type mice
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• in response to potassium, bladder muscle strips or aortic rings from 3 to 7 day old mice exhibit increased sustained phase of maximal contraction and reduced concentration of potassium to reach 50% of maximal contraction compared to wild-type smooth muscle
• smooth muscle contraction in response to carbachol is enhanced compared to in wild-type smooth muscle
• aortic rings exhibit increased contraction in response to submaximal potassium levels compared to wild-type smooth muscle
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renal/urinary system
• after 2 weeks, mice exhibit retention of urine in the renal pelvis and/or bladder and develop end-stage hydronephrosis unlike wild-type mice
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• after 2 weeks, mice exhibit retention of urine in the renal pelvis and/or bladder
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digestive/alimentary system
• after 2 weeks, mice exhibit segmental distention of the alimentary tract unlike wild-type mice
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growth/size/body
• by day 20 mice weigh less than wild-type mice
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homeostasis/metabolism
• smooth muscle contraction in response to carbachol is enhanced compared to in wild-type smooth muscle
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