cellular
• in the heart, skeletal muscle, liver and kidney
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• the activities of NADH-cytochrroome c reductase (complex I+III) and ubiquinol-cytochrom c reductase (complex III) in the heart, liver, and skeletal muscle are reduced compared to in wild-type tissues
• reduction in cytochrome c reductase and citrate synthase activities is most severe in the heart
• complex III activity is most severely affected
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cardiovascular system
• mitochondria in the heart are increased in number with disorganized cristae unlike in wild-type mice
• there is a modest increase in the number of subsarcolemmal mitochondria compared to in wild-type mice
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• mice exhibit focal cardiac myocyte degeneration in the fibrous tissue unlike wild-type mice
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• the outer layers of ventricular cardiomyocytes are infiltrated by macrovesicular fat deposits that have the appearance of adipocytes
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• the ventricular wall thins and is replaced by fibro-fatty tissue
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renal/urinary system
• some kidneys exhibit proliferation of tubules with enlarged lumina throughout the medulla unlike in wild-type mice
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• 1.4 fold bigger than normal in many mice
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• the number of tubules in the cortex and medulla is 1.6-fold more than in wild-type kidneys
• tubules contain pleomorphic mitochondria unlike in wild-type mice
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muscle
• mitochondria in the heart are increased in number with disorganized cristae unlike in wild-type mice
• there is a modest increase in the number of subsarcolemmal mitochondria compared to in wild-type mice
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• mice exhibit focal cardiac myocyte degeneration in the fibrous tissue unlike wild-type mice
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• skeletal and heart muscles exhibit an increase in the number of subsarcolemmal mitochondrial with variable cristae compared to in wild-type muscle
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liver/biliary system
• mitochondria in the liver are increased in number and have elongated and serpentine appearances with mild alterations in cristae unlike in wild-type mice
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growth/size/body
• 1.4 fold bigger than normal in many mice
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