Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• at weaning, only 15.9% of mice are homozygotes instead of the expected 25%
• at E16.5 days, 25.3% of embryos are homozygous so death must occur between E17 and P21
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reproductive system
 N |
• female mice are fertile and able to bear live pups with a frequency indistinguishable from wild-type females
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• sperm show lack of progressive motility
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• sperm motility is significantly slower and mostly side-to-side motion rather than forward swimming
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• seminal glands of some mice are distended possibly as the result of infection
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• spermatogenesis is impaired at the level of terminal differentiation
• early gametogenesis appears to be intact
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• 58% of spermatozoa from the epididymis and vas deferens display abnormal head morphology relative to 11.7% in wild-type controls
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• abnormal membranous components and an apparent excess of cytoplasm are seen around some acrosomes
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• forming acrosome is frequently detached from the nucleus containing the compacted chromatin
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• abnormally shaped sperm nuclei and chromatin packaging defects are observed
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• males show multiple defects in terminal sperm differentiation / maturation, including detachment of the acrosomal cap and impaired excess cytoplasm removal
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• PAS staining revealed an excess of cytoplasmic droplets in the cauda epididymides
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• male mice are infertile
(J:145445)
• males caged with wild-type females fail to produce live offspring or show evidence of pregnancies
(J:181000)
• however, testis weight, mating behavior, secondary sexual characteristics and sperm counts appear normal
(J:181000)
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• sperm bind to but are unable to fertilize oocytes in vitro as well as in vivo
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• in vitro capacitated spermatozoa are impaired in zona pellucida penetration
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growth/size/body
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• at weaning, mean male weight is 16 g vs 19.4 g in controls and mean female weight is 17.3 g vs 15.8 g
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adipose tissue
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• necropsy reveals that mice have less body fat than controls
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hematopoietic system
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• a DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor leads to a 2.4-fold increase in total bone marrow cell numbers compared to treated controls
• when treated with this inhibitor, myeloid and lymphoid lineage cell numbers are increased in the bone marrow and white blood cell numbers are increased in the periphery
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• bone marrow contains about 25% more GCSF-responsive cells in culture than controls
• this may result from a partial-block in neutrophils development and an accumulation of granulocyte progenitors in the bone marrow
• a similar phenotype results when mutant bone marrow is used to reconstitute irradiated wild-type mice
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• bone marrow contains increased numbers of metamyelocytes and reduced numbers of segmented neutrophils
• a similar phenotype results when mutant bone marrow is used to reconstitute irradiated wild-type mice
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• significant reductions in red blood cell count (10.1 x 109/mL vs 11.7 x 109/mL in controls)
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• hematocrit is 49% vs. 57% in controls
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• there is an increase in the standard deviation of the distribution of erythrocytes by their cell width (13.8% vs. 13% in controls)
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• hemoglobin is reduced (15.4 g/dL vs 17.5 g/dL in controls)
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• fewer neutrophils in the blood produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to E. coli (18.3% vs 29% of neutrophils in controls)
• neutrophils also produce less ROS on a per cell basis than controls in response to E. coli infection
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immune system
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• bone marrow contains about 25% more GCSF-responsive cells in culture than controls
• this may result from a partial-block in neutrophils development and an accumulation of granulocyte progenitors in the bone marrow
• a similar phenotype results when mutant bone marrow is used to reconstitute irradiated wild-type mice
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• bone marrow contains increased numbers of metamyelocytes and reduced numbers of segmented neutrophils
• a similar phenotype results when mutant bone marrow is used to reconstitute irradiated wild-type mice
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• fewer neutrophils in the blood produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to E. coli (18.3% vs 29% of neutrophils in controls)
• neutrophils also produce less ROS on a per cell basis than controls in response to E. coli infection
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blepharitis
(
J:145445
)
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• 19% of mice under one year of age develop eye infections compared to none in wild-type controls
• 60% of mice over one year of age develop eye infections
• infections are treatable with antibiotics
• infections are accompanied by mucosal infiltrates of macrophages and neutrophils
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• 19% of mice under one year of age develop eye infections compared to none in wild-type controls
• 60% of mice over one year of age develop eye infections
• infections are treatable with antibiotics
• infections are accompanied by mucosal infiltrates of macrophages and neutrophils
• seminal vesicles of one mouse was found to be infected with E. coli
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vision/eye
blepharitis
(
J:145445
)
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• 19% of mice under one year of age develop eye infections compared to none in wild-type controls
• 60% of mice over one year of age develop eye infections
• infections are treatable with antibiotics
• infections are accompanied by mucosal infiltrates of macrophages and neutrophils
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cellular
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• 58% of spermatozoa from the epididymis and vas deferens display abnormal head morphology relative to 11.7% in wild-type controls
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• abnormal membranous components and an apparent excess of cytoplasm are seen around some acrosomes
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• forming acrosome is frequently detached from the nucleus containing the compacted chromatin
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• abnormally shaped sperm nuclei and chromatin packaging defects are observed
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• bone marrow contains about 25% more GCSF-responsive cells in culture than controls
• this may result from a partial-block in neutrophils development and an accumulation of granulocyte progenitors in the bone marrow
• a similar phenotype results when mutant bone marrow is used to reconstitute irradiated wild-type mice
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• bone marrow contains increased numbers of metamyelocytes and reduced numbers of segmented neutrophils
• a similar phenotype results when mutant bone marrow is used to reconstitute irradiated wild-type mice
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• sperm show lack of progressive motility
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• sperm motility is significantly slower and mostly side-to-side motion rather than forward swimming
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• seminal glands of some mice are distended possibly as the result of infection
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homeostasis/metabolism
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N |
• males show no differences in mean serum testosterone levels relative to wild-type controls
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