mortality/aging
• severely affected (runt) mice (5 of 23) died by 2 months of age
• less severely affected (non-runt) mice die between 2 and 7 months of age
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• 5 of 28 live born mice died within 2 to 3 days of birth
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• about half die before birth
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growth/size/body
• increase in the heart to body weight ratio in non-runt mice
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• of mice that survive to weaning, some (5 of 23, runts) weigh less than 40% of normal weaning weight while the remainder (non-runts) are smaller than controls but not as severely affected
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• at weaning some severely affected mice (5 of 23) are very small and fail to thrive
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skeleton
• a few non-runt mice show transformation of T7 to T6 (3 of 13) and of T4 to T3 (2 of 13)
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• a few non-runt mice (2 of 13) show transformation of L6 to S1
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• non-runt mice show failure of fusion of the lateral processes on S1 - S3
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• in all non-runt mice the lateral processes of S3 resemble those of S4 indicating transformation of S3 to S4
• some non-runt mice show transformation of S2 to S3
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• in non-runt mice splitting is seen at multiple locations in the cervical and thoracic regions
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behavior/neurological
cardiovascular system
• cardiomyocyte disarray
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• increase in the heart to body weight ratio in non-runt mice
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• seen in older, moribund non-runt mice
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cellular
• seen in older, moribund non-runt mice
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