cellular
• large lysosomes are observed in cultured cortical neurons
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• cortical neuron cultures have a higher death rate (cytotoxicity) than controls after 20 days of plating
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• the redox state of NADH in neuronal mitochondria is twice as more oxidized than controls
• incubating neurons in pyruvate restores redox state to control values
• neuronal stimulation causes a depolarization of internal mitochondria that is not observed in controls
• this depolarization results from overload of calcium concentrations in the mitochondria that is not observed in wild-type controls
• the basal mitochondrial ROS production in mouse neurons is two fold higher than in controls
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• neuronal mitochondria membrane potential is largely maintained by the hydrolysis of ATP by complex V, rather than by respiration
• marked membrane depolarization can be triggered by drugs blocking complex V action
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nervous system
• cultured cortical neurons have higher rates of apoptosis and contain large lysosomes
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• neuron stimulation leads to a much higher internal calcium flux than controls
• stimulation also causes a depolarization of neuronal mitochondria that is not observed in controls
• this depolarization results from overload of calcium concentrations in the mitochondria that is not observed in wild-type controls
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• cultured cortical neurons take up less glucose and altered mitochondrial redox states
• the basal cytosolic ROS production in mouse neurons is three fold higher than in controls
• glucose uptake by cultured neurons is only 41% of controls
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• cortical neuron cultures have a higher death rate (cytotoxicity) than controls after 20 days of plating
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