Analysis Tools
cellular
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• homozygous newborn pups exhibit a lower GSH/GSSG ratio when galactose-challenged via the mothers milk, indicating oxidative stress
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• females fed a normal chow exhibit more corpora lutea of larger size in the ovaries
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• females fed a normal chow exhibit fewer numbers of follicles per ovarian section, despite follicles at different stages of development are seen
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growth/size/body
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• pups that survive the toxicity of galactose from the mothers milk exhibit severe growth restriction later in life, even when normal chow is resumed after weaning
• pups exposed to 20% galactose diet via mothers milk and then fed a regular diet after weaning do not attain the same level of average growth rate as controls
• although pups fed with 20% galactose initially trail slightly behind homozygotes fed with normal chow, they finally catch up at around day 50, which marks the onset of puberty
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• cerebral edema is seen in homozygous newborns from galactose-challenged lactating homozygous mothers
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• galactose-1 phosphate uridylytransferase (GALT) activity is totally absent
• mice accumulate galactose-1 phosphate in red blood cells even when unchallenged
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immune system
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• galactose-challenge in lactating homozygous females results in increased inflammatory response in the cerebrum of succumbed homozygous pups
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• galactose-challenge in lactating homozygous females results in mild inflammatory responses in the livers of succumbed homozygous pups, but no signs of sepsis or bleeding
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liver/biliary system
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• galactose-challenge in lactating homozygous females results in mild inflammatory responses in the livers of succumbed homozygous pups, but no signs of sepsis or bleeding
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mortality/aging
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• over 70% of homozygous newborn pups of galactose-challenged mothers (fed a 40% galactose diet) die before weaning
• however, 100% of newborn pups survive when lactating mothers are fed a 20% galactose diet
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nervous system
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• cerebral edema is seen in homozygous newborns from galactose-challenged lactating homozygous mothers
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• galactose-challenge in lactating homozygous females results in increased inflammatory response in the cerebrum of succumbed homozygous pups
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• outer granule cell layer of the cerebellum is thicker in newborn homozygous pups from galactose-challenged lactating homozygous mothers
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• Purkinje cells are smaller, more acidophilic, and the cell layer is punctate in newborn homozygous pups from galactose-challenged lactating homozygous mothers
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reproductive system
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• females fed a normal chow exhibit more corpora lutea of larger size in the ovaries
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• females fed a normal chow exhibit fewer numbers of follicles per ovarian section, despite follicles at different stages of development are seen
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• females fed a normal chow are fertile but show diminished reproductive capacity over time, having smaller litter size and longer time-to-pregnancy, with a maximum of 3 litters throughout life
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• females fed a normal chow are fertile but show diminished reproductive capacity over time, having smaller litter size
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| galactosemia | DOID:9870 | J:234753 | ||
