liver/biliary system
• livers exhibit sporadic apoptosis of hepatocytes
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• mice exhibit focal ductular reaction indicative of liver injury by 10 months of age
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• mice develop focal liver necrosis by 10 months of age
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homeostasis/metabolism
• MEFs show a decrease of autophagosome numbers under normal conditions and rapamycin treatment to induced autophagy
• MEFs also show a decrease in phagophores, the autophagosome precursors under normal condition, rapamycin treatment, and nutrient withdrawal
• marker analysis indicates impaired autophagosome maturation, particularly under autophagy induction
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• mice show partially impaired autophagy in livers
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cellular
• MEFs show a decrease of autophagosome numbers under normal conditions and rapamycin treatment to induced autophagy
• MEFs also show a decrease in phagophores, the autophagosome precursors under normal condition, rapamycin treatment, and nutrient withdrawal
• marker analysis indicates impaired autophagosome maturation, particularly under autophagy induction
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• mice show partially impaired autophagy in livers
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• MEFs are more susceptible to ER stress induced by thapsigargin or tunicamycin, with cells showing impaired autophagy activation and an increase in morphology changes and cell death
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• livers exhibit sporadic apoptosis of hepatocytes
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mortality/aging
N |
• mice show no enhanced mortality compared to wild-type mice
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