mortality/aging
• initial heterozygote crosses failed to produce any viable homozygous mutant pups
• in utero calcium formate supplementation resulted in 78.1% of embryos completing NTC; however, no fetuses survived beyond E15.5
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nervous system
• maternal 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-mTHF) supplementation failed to prevent NTDs with no identifiable embryos completing NTC until E12.5
• at E10.5-E12.5, all embryos (60 out of 60 analyzed) failed to complete neural tube closure (NTC); 18 out of 60 embryos showed NTC defects from the forebrain to the midbrain, 7 embryos had open midbrain NTDs, 26 embryos showed an open neural tube extending from the midbrain to the hindbrain, and 9 embryos exhibited craniorachischisis
• maternal calcium formate supplementation of heterozygous dams partially rescued NTDs, with 78.1% of embryos completing NTC at E10-E15.5, while the remaining 21.9% fetuses displayed open NTDs
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• all embryos showed open rostral NTDs at either E10.5 or E12.5
• H&E staining revealed that E11.5 embryos had unfused neural folds at the level of the forebrain and the midbrain, unlike wild-type and heterozygous controls
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• at E10.5, a subset of embryos showed open neural tubes extending the length from the forebrain to the hindbrain, as well as craniofacial defects
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• at E10.5, some embryos exhibited craniorachischisis, with an open neural tube extending from the forebrain to the cervical boundary
• at E10.5-E12.5, nine out of 60 embryos with NTDs showed craniorachischisis
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exencephaly
(
J:261656
)
• at E10.5, most embryos with neural tube defects (NTDs) exhibited exencephaly
• at E12.5, NTD-affected embryos primarily showed exencephaly
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embryo
• at E10.5-E12.5, all embryos (60 out of 60 analyzed) failed to complete neural tube closure (NTC); 18 out of 60 embryos showed NTC defects from the forebrain to the midbrain, 7 embryos had open midbrain NTDs, 26 embryos showed an open neural tube extending from the midbrain to the hindbrain, and 9 embryos exhibited craniorachischisis
• maternal calcium formate supplementation of heterozygous dams partially rescued NTDs, with 78.1% of embryos completing NTC at E10-E15.5, while the remaining 21.9% fetuses displayed open NTDs
• maternal 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-mTHF) supplementation failed to prevent NTDs with no identifiable embryos completing NTC until E12.5
|
• all embryos showed open rostral NTDs at either E10.5 or E12.5
• H&E staining revealed that E11.5 embryos had unfused neural folds at the level of the forebrain and the midbrain, unlike wild-type and heterozygous controls
|
• at E10.5, a subset of embryos showed open neural tubes extending the length from the forebrain to the hindbrain, as well as craniofacial defects
|
• at E10.5, some embryos exhibited craniorachischisis, with an open neural tube extending from the forebrain to the cervical boundary
• at E10.5-E12.5, nine out of 60 embryos with NTDs showed craniorachischisis
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craniofacial
• at E10.5, a subset of embryos showed open neural tubes extending the length from the forebrain to the hindbrain, as well as craniofacial defects
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