growth/size/body
• slight, but significant 10% decrease in body weight
• however, no difference in the specific mass of the internal organs
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• in the low intensity running regime until exhaustion, mutants run about 36% less compared to wild-type mice
• however, mutants show similar running to wild-type mice in the high intensity running regime
|
• liver gluconeogenesis capacity of mutants is higher than in wild-type mice as indicated by the intraperitoneal pyruvate tolerance test in animals fasted for 16 hours
|
• mice fasted for 12 hours show lower glucose concentrations at 15, 30, 60, and 90 min of the glucose tolerance test compared to wild-type mice
|
• mice show an increase in insulin sensitivity in the insulin tolerance test
|
behavior/neurological
• in the low intensity running regime until exhaustion, mutants run about 36% less compared to wild-type mice
• however, mutants show similar running to wild-type mice in the high intensity running regime
|
cellular
• mice show alteration in mRNA expression of genes typical for slow twitch type I fibers, urea cycle, and glycolytic pathway in the gastrocnemius but not the soleus muscle and a decrease of mitochondrial enzyme SDH and Cox staining suggesting reduced mitochondrial oxidative activity
|
cardiovascular system
N |
• mice show normal blood pressure parameters
|
reproductive system
N |
• mice show normal fertility
|