mortality/aging
• become nonviable between E10.5 and E11.5 with none detected after E12.5
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embryo
• arrest around E10.5
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• at E9.5 embryos compared to wild-type siblings
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• at E9.5 embryos sometimes exhibit delayed, incomplete neural tube closure
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• often delayed by E9.5
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• decrease in the frequency and number of parietal trophoblast giant cells
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• thin with limited villous formation
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growth/size/body
• at E9.5 embryos compared to wild-type siblings
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homeostasis/metabolism
• at E9.5, micro-thrombi are observed in surrounding capillaries adjacent to the chorionic plate in some embryos
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nervous system
• at E9.5 embryos sometimes exhibit delayed, incomplete neural tube closure
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• often delayed by E9.5
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