mortality/aging
• many pups do not survive to weaning
• reducing litter size eliminates postnatal lethality
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growth/size/body
• pups that survive past weaning catch up with littermates in size
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• significant at E18.5
• first detected at E15.5
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embryo
• differences in labyrinth morphology are not dependent on maternal genotype
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• a decrease in the surface area of fetal blood vessels at E13.5 and E14.5, but not at E11.5
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• increase in fetal lumen size
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• increase in the percentage of large maternal lumens and decrease in the percentage of small lumens at E13.5 but not at E11.5
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• increase in the size of maternal blood lumens
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• significantly decreased in area
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• at E11.5 the syncytiotrophoblast layers I and II in the trilaminar layer contain more frequent gaps and openings than in control littermates
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• increase in the percentage of large maternal lumens and decrease in the percentage of small lumens at E13.5 but not at E11.5 indicates a defect in branching morphogenesis of villi in the labyrinth layer
• a decrease in the trophoblast transport surface area in the labyrinth at E13.5 and E14.5
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• at E11.5 - E14.5
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• from E13.5 - E17.5
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integument
N |
• skin hemidesmosomes and overall skin morphology are normal, unlike in zebrafish with a mutation in this gene
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cardiovascular system
• a decrease in the surface area of fetal blood vessels at E13.5 and E14.5, but not at E11.5
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