mortality/aging
• mice die by E16.5
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cardiovascular system
N |
• at early stages, mice exhibit normal endocardial cushion mesenchymal cells
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• transposition
|
• left-right inversion of heart looping in one third of mice
|
• complete or nearly complete absence of the mitral valve
|
• complete or nearly complete absence of the tricuspid valve
|
• swollen atria
|
• pulmonary stenosis
|
skeleton
• wider and shorter than in wild-type mice
|
• in the rib cage
|
limbs/digits/tail
• duplication of bones in the hand
|
• pre-axial in both the forelimbs and hindlimbs with 6 to 7 digits per limb
|
embryo
• left-right inversion of embryonic turning in one third of mice
|
homeostasis/metabolism