endocrine/exocrine glands
• a third of nursing mothers are unable to eject adequate supplies of milk
• another third are only partially able to nurse
• some pups die by two days of age due to insufficient nutrition
• mammary glands have large, dilated ducts containing milk consisted with a defect in milk ejection
• mice have similar lobuloalveolar formation and milk composition as controls
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• female mice have a significantly elevated frequency of hyperplastic ducts about 2-fold greater than controls
• branching frequency and overall ductal morphogenesis appeared normal
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• mammary glands have hyperplastic growth throughout development
• hyperplasia was characterized by increased luminal epithelial cell layers, as well as invagination of the epithelium into the lumen of the duct
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homeostasis/metabolism
• embryonic fibroblasts fail to decrease proliferative rate in response to TGF-beta1
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integument
• a third of nursing mothers are unable to eject adequate supplies of milk
• another third are only partially able to nurse
• some pups die by two days of age due to insufficient nutrition
• mammary glands have large, dilated ducts containing milk consisted with a defect in milk ejection
• mice have similar lobuloalveolar formation and milk composition as controls
|
• female mice have a significantly elevated frequency of hyperplastic ducts about 2-fold greater than controls
• branching frequency and overall ductal morphogenesis appeared normal
|
• mammary glands have hyperplastic growth throughout development
• hyperplasia was characterized by increased luminal epithelial cell layers, as well as invagination of the epithelium into the lumen of the duct
|
behavior/neurological
• a third of nursing mothers are unable to eject adequate supplies of milk
• another third are only partially able to nurse
• some pups die by two days of age due to insufficient nutrition
• mammary glands have large, dilated ducts containing milk consisted with a defect in milk ejection
• mice have similar lobuloalveolar formation and milk composition as controls
|