growth/size/body
homeostasis/metabolism
• after exposure to 4 degrees Celsius after a 20 hours fast, mice exhibit severe cold intolerance compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
• 2 hours after cold exposure, fasted mice lose their shivering response and become lethargy unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, normally fed mice exposed to cold conditions exhibit a normal response
• cold exposed mice exhibit decreased heat production compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
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• after a 24 hour fast, mice exhibit a reduction in serum glucose levels unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice
• longer fasts produce greater decreases in serum glucose compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
• mice exhibit an accelerated hypoglycemic response to fasting compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
• following fasting and cold exposure, mice exhibit decreased serum glucose levels compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
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• after fasting, serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids is increased compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
• after fasting, mice exhibit a 108% increase in the liver compared to a 29% increase in similarly treated wild-type mice
• following fasting and cold exposure, mice exhibit increased non-esterified fatty acid levels compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
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liver/biliary system
• unlike in wild-type mice, livers contain hepatocytes with a foamy appearance and centralized nuclei in the periportal and midzonal regions characteristic of microvesicular steatosis
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pale liver
(
J:151622
)
behavior/neurological
• 2 hours after cold exposure, fasted mice lose their shivering response and become lethargy unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice
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• 2 hours after cold exposure, fasted mice lose their shivering response and become lethargy unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice
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• during fasting, mice exhibit decreased activity compared with similarly treated wild-type mice especially during the dark phase
• fasted and cold exposed mice exhibit a decrease in activity close to zero unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
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