neoplasm
• application of DMBA alone or followed by TPA produces more and larger skin tumors than in similarly treated wild-type mice
• by week 7, 39% of DMBA-treated mice develop skin tumors compared with 6% of similarly treated wild-type mice
• by week 9, 88% of DMBA-treated mice develop skin tumors compared with 60% of similarly treated wild-type mice
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homeostasis/metabolism
• application of DMBA alone or followed by TPA produces more and larger skin tumors than in similarly treated wild-type mice
• by week 7, 39% of DMBA-treated mice develop skin tumors compared with 6% of similarly treated wild-type mice
• by week 9, 88% of DMBA-treated mice develop skin tumors compared with 60% of similarly treated wild-type mice
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integument
• apoptosis in the epidermis of DMBA or DMBA and TPA treated mice is decreased compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
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• keratinocytes are more resistant than wild-type cells to DMBA-induced genotoxicity
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• in DMBA-treated mice
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cellular
• in DMBA-treated mice
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