mortality/aging
• some still births observed at E16.5
• ratio of births diverges from a Mendelian ratio: +/+=26%, +/-=49%, -/-=15%, stillbirths=10%
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growth/size/body
• 27% lighter at birth than control littermates
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• body weight difference remains stable until 4 weeks of age (22% lighter than wild-type controls)
• size difference is less dramatic after 5 weeks
• however, growth index is similar to that in wild-type controls during the first 4 weeks
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• E16.5 embryos are smaller than wild-type
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• E16.5 fetal weight is 80% of wild-type controls
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• fetal growth restriction due to impaired placental angiogenesis
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embryo
• fewer fetal capillaries with bigger vessel lumens in the midline of the placenta labyrinth
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• E11.5 yolk sacs display fewer and smaller blood vessels than wild-type yolk sacs
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• center but not the periphery of the placental labyrinth is significantly reduced in size
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• E16.5 placentas are smaller than wild-type
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• E16.5 placenta weight is 82% of wild-type controls
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cardiovascular system
• fewer fetal capillaries with bigger vessel lumens in the midline of the placenta labyrinth
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• E11.5 yolk sacs display fewer and smaller blood vessels than wild-type yolk sacs
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