adipose tissue
N |
• both sexes show normal body fat ratio and body fat distribution whether on a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet
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• after 14 weeks on a high-fat diet, white adipocyte size is modestly decreased relative to that in wild-type controls
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• after 12 weeks on a high-fat diet, insulin-mediated Akt activation is significantly impaired in association with decreased IRS1expression in WAT, but not in skeletal muscle or liver
• on a normal chow diet, IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) protein expression is significantly reduced in white adipose tissue (WAT) but not in skeletal muscle or liver
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• after 14 weeks on a high-fat diet, mRNA expression of inflammatory genes is significantly increased in WAT relative to that in wild-type controls, suggesting WAT inflammation
• however, expression of inflammatory cytokines in WAT is normal on a normal chow diet
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growth/size/body
N |
• both sexes show normal body weight gain whether on a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet
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homeostasis/metabolism
• after 14 weeks on a high-fat diet, serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) are higher than those in wild-type controls
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• on a normal chow diet, mice show a modest but significant impairment in glucose tolerance relative to wild-type controls
• after 12 weeks on a high-fat diet, mice show exacerbated glucose intolerance relative to wild-type controls
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• on a normal chow diet, mice show a modest but significant impairment in insulin sensitivity in the absence of WAT inflammation
• after 12 weeks on a high-fat diet, mice show exacerbated insulin resistance relative to wild-type controls
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• after 14 weeks on a high-fat diet, serum levels of FFAs are increased, white adipocyte size is reduced, and expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in WAT is higher than that in wild-type controls, suggesting enhanced lipolysis in WAT
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immune system
• after 14 weeks on a high-fat diet, mRNA expression of inflammatory genes is significantly increased in WAT relative to that in wild-type controls, suggesting WAT inflammation
• however, expression of inflammatory cytokines in WAT is normal on a normal chow diet
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