mortality/aging
• although homozygotes are recovered at E14.5 and E17.5, only one neonate with a functionally intact digestive system is found at P0 but dies after birth
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• only one alive homozygous pup is obtained from heterozygous intercrosses at P7 (3% versus expected 25%); this pup was sick and small in size and thus sacrificed on P7
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cardiovascular system
• at E14.5, all (4 of 4) embryos exhibit significant abnormalities of the cardiovascular system, as determined by high-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM)
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• at E14.5, all (4 of 4 embryos) show abnormal dilated head arteries in conjunction with thin vessel walls
• one E14.5 embryo shows complex malformations of the intrathoracic and cranial arteries, including a right sided aortic arch, a retroesophageal left subclavian artery, an abnormal external carotid artery running parallel with the internal carotid artery over a longer distance, abnormal topology of the left intracranial vertebral artery, a hypoplasia of the left stapedial artery, and a missing segment of the right posterior cerebral artery
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• one E14.5 embryo exhibits a right sided aortic arch
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• one E14.5 embryo exhibits abnormal origin of left external carotid artery
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• one E14.5 embryo exhibits a missing segment of the right posterior cerebral artery
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• one E14.5 embryo exhibits a retroesophageal left subclavian artery
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• one E14.5 embryo exhibits abnormal topology of the left intracranial vertebral artery
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• one E14.5 embryo exhibits a hypoplastic left stapedial artery
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• at E14.5, one of 4 embryos shows absence of the ductus venosus valve
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• at E14.5, one of 4 embryos shows an abnormal hepatic vein connection
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• at E14.5, two of 4 embryos exhibit double outlet right ventricle (DORV)
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• at E14.5, one of 4 embryos exhibits a perimembranous ventricular septal defect
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• at E14.5, one of 4 embryos exhibits a muscular ventricular septal defect
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• at E14.5, one of 4 embryos exhibits a bicuspid aortic valve
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• at E14.5, two of 4 embryos show abnormal thymus topology
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• at E14.5, two of 4 embryos show abnormal morphology of the thyroid gland; one embryo exhibits a small left lobe of the thyroid gland
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• at E14.5, one of 4 embryos shows abnormal thyroid gland isthmus morphology
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hematopoietic system
• at E14.5, two of 4 embryos show abnormal thymus topology
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nervous system
• one E14.5 embryo exhibits a missing segment of the right posterior cerebral artery
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hearing/vestibular/ear
• one E14.5 embryo exhibits a hypoplastic left stapedial artery
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immune system
• at E14.5, two of 4 embryos show abnormal thymus topology
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