mortality/aging
• fewer than expected mice are produced from heterozygous parents even when the deficit of maternal care is corrected with fostering
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cardiovascular system
• some embryos exhibit cardiac development defects unlike wild-type mice
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• mice exhibit decreased fractional shortening compared with wild-type mice
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• cardiomyocyte sarcomeric function is decreased with impaired velocity of contraction and relaxation compared to in wild-type mice
• however, intracellular calcium is unchanged
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homeostasis/metabolism
• mice exhibit decreased exercise endurance compared with wild-type mice
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behavior/neurological
• poor maternal care is more pronounced than in heterozygous mice
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• mice exhibit decreased exercise endurance compared with wild-type mice
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embryo
• some embryos exhibit evidence of overall developmental failure
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muscle
• mice exhibit decreased fractional shortening compared with wild-type mice
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