mortality/aging
• 37% of mice die prior to birth
• however, surviving mice live up to 24 months
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neoplasm
• 40% of mice treated with TPA and DMBA develop tumors compared with 80% of similarly treated wild-type mice
• fewer tumors form in mice treated with TPA and DMBA than in similarly treated wild-type mice
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• after a short period tumors in TPA/DMBA-treated mice cease growing and spontaneously regress unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice
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cellular
• mouse embryonic fibroblasts treated with TGF-beta exhibit reduced growth compared with similarly treated wild-type cells
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• in a 3T9 protocol, 80% of mouse embryonic fibroblasts enter senescence prematurely compared with wild-type cells
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homeostasis/metabolism
• 40% of mice treated with TPA and DMBA develop tumors compared with 80% of similarly treated wild-type mice
• fewer tumors form in mice treated with TPA and DMBA than in similarly treated wild-type mice
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