immune system
• some splenomegaly is observed
|
• the capacity to initiate an adaptive immune response upon TLR9 activation is impaired, fewer ovalbumin specific T cells in spleen, with no proliferation, after immunization with ovalbumin coated beads and CpG
|
• in vivo by dendritic cells after i.v. injection of TLR9 agonist
|
• by bone marrow dendritic cells in response to stimulation with a TLR9 agonist but not a TLR4 agonist
• in vivo by dendritic cells after i.v. injection of TLR9 agonist
|
• by bone marrow dendritic cells in response to stimulation with a TLR9 agonist but not a TLR4 agonist
|
renal/urinary system
• glomerular cysts are evident by 10 months of age
|
• at 6 months of age, homozygotes exhibit low-MW proteinuria relative to wild-type controls
• mutant urine samples contain higher levels of albumin, transferrin, and angiotensinogen
|
albuminuria
(
J:172774
)
• by 10 months of age, proximal tubular cell (PTC) hyperplasia leads to glomerular crowding
|
• by 10 months of age, proximal tubular cell (PTC) hyperplasia leads to secondary cortical compression
|
• an expansion of the kidney interstitium with fibrosis is noted by 3 months and progresses with age
|
• by 10 months of age
|
• by 10 months of age, proximal tubular cell (PTC) hyperplasia leads to expansion of the outer stripe of the outer renal medulla
|
• dilation of the renal pelvis is eventually observed
|
• by 10 months of age, tubular atrophy and thickening of peritubular basement membrane is observed
|
• at 2 months of age, kidney proximal tubular cells (PTCs) exhibit hyperplasia with an increase in nuclear size and nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio; some mitotic figures are observed
• PTC hyperplasia is at least in part attributed to increased kidney EGFR expression at 2-3 months but not at 6 months of age
|
pale kidney
(
J:172774
)
• starting at ~2 months of age, mutant kidneys become progressively paler than wild-type
|
• homozygotes accumulate a discrete set of proteins in their PTC endosomes and lysosomes, indicating a defect in the normal catabolism of proteins captured from the filtrate
|
• at 6 months of age, the GFR drops from 148 +/- 27 ul/min in wild-type mice to 63 +/- 30 ul/min
|
cellular
• unlike wild-type, mutant kidney lysosomes fail to process some cathepsins to their mature 2-chain forms and accumulate several low-MW proteins indicating defective metabolism of some substrates
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• at 6 months of age, plasma creatinine levels are nearly twice those of wild-type controls
|
• at 6 months of age, homozygotes exhibit low-MW proteinuria relative to wild-type controls
• mutant urine samples contain higher levels of albumin, transferrin, and angiotensinogen
|
albuminuria
(
J:172774
)
growth/size/body
• homozygotes fail to gain weight at the same rate as wild-type controls
|
• glomerular cysts are evident by 10 months of age
|
• some splenomegaly is observed
|
hematopoietic system
• some splenomegaly is observed
|