mortality/aging
• normal at E9.0
• all dead at E11.5
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growth/size/body
• significant size reduction by 20 somite stage
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cardiovascular system
• aortic sac is dilated and distorted
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• poor development of the proximal parts of the outflow tract
• outflow tract distorted and continuous with the dilated aortic sac and first branchial artery
• sporadic apoptosis
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• defective development of the bulbus cordis right ventricle
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• L-shaped heart at E9.5 rather than the expected "U" shaped heart
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• poorly developed bulbus cordis
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• massive pericardial effusion at E9.5
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• no blood flow into or out of the heart even at times when the heartbeat is normal
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• irregular with abrupt pauses
• arrhythmia
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muscle
• complete loss of Ikr tail currents in E9.5 cardiac myocytes
• cardiac myocytes have a more depolarized resting membrane potential than do controls
• abnormal Ca ion oscillations in E9.5 cardiac myocytes
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embryo
• the first branchial arch is dilated and distorted
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• hypoplasia of the first branchial arch
• apoptosis observed
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• significant size reduction by 20 somite stage
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craniofacial
• apoptosis frequently observed in the craniofacial region of embryos
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• the first branchial arch is dilated and distorted
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• hypoplasia of the first branchial arch
• apoptosis observed
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homeostasis/metabolism
• massive pericardial effusion at E9.5
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