Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• some males show more severe effects on sperm motility than others, indicating variable asthenospermia
• however, 70% of males show normal sperm vigor and progression
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• 30% of males lack motile sperm
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• after natural mating, corpora lutea counts are significantly lower than in controls
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• female subfertility is at least partly due to a reduction in ovarian follicle development and/or ovulation, not a primary ovarian defect
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• 6- to 11-week-old females show a 34% reduction in normalized ovary weights relative to control females
• however, all follicles at all stages are observed
• normalized uterine weights are normal
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• all males have tubules exhibiting disorganized spermatogenic stages, retention of spermatids, sloughing of germ cells, and presence of pyknotic cells
• lumina are either decreased in size or absent in many testes
• however, no increase in apoptotic cell number is detected by TUNEL staining
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• males show a 43% reduction in Sertoli cell numbers
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small testis
(
J:204036
)
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• 8- to 13-week-old males show significantly lower normalized testes weights than control males
• however, normalized seminal vesicles and epididymal weights are normal
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• ovaries of randomly-cycling females show significantly lower Lhr and Ccnd2 mRNA levels than control ovaries
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• testes show significantly higher Fshr mRNA levels than control testes
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• males display a range of spermatogenic defects, spanning from mild alterations in spermatogenic cell associations to a complete arrest of spermatogenesis
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• testicular and cauda epididymal sperm counts are reduced by 61% and 75%, respectively
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• some males exhibit a complete arrest of spermatogenesis, as shown by a lack of luminal spermatids
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• in some cases, spermatogenesis is arrested at meiosis; few to no haploid round spermatids are observed
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• females show a slight delay in vaginal opening relative to controls
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• in natural matings, 65-day-old females ovulate significantly fewer cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) than controls
• however, juvenile (24- to 28-day-old) females ovulate normal COC numbers after exogenous gonadotropin stimulation (eCG plus hCG)
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• some females appear to spend extended periods of time in estrus
• however, no significant differences in the number of cycles per 5 days or % of time spent in each cycle stage are observed
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• adult females produce fewer total litters than controls when paired with wild-type males for a period of 6 months
• litter frequency (per 30 days) is significantly reduced in females, but not in males
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• average litter size is reduced by 56% in females
(J:204036)
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• average litter size is reduced by 35% in males
(J:204036)
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• adult males produce fewer total litters than controls when paired with wild-type females for a period of 6 months
• 4 of 7 males cumulatively produced 23 litters and 87% of all pups, whereas remaining 3 males only sired 4 total litters, indicating variable penetrance in males
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• serum LH levels are significantly decreased in adult males relative to controls
• however, serum testosterone levels are normal
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• serum LH levels are increased 2.5-fold in randomly-cycling females relative to controls
• however, 17beta-estradiol levels are normal in metestrus/diestrus staged females
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• adult mice show a significant decrease in FSHB protein and Fshb mRNA expression in their pituitaries
• however, pituitary size and cell density are normal
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• serum FSH levels are significantly reduced in both adult males and randomly-cycling females relative to age-matched controls
• FSH deficiency is likely secondary to a selective reduction in pituitary Fshb expression
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• after natural mating, corpora lutea counts are significantly lower than in controls
|
|
|
• female subfertility is at least partly due to a reduction in ovarian follicle development and/or ovulation, not a primary ovarian defect
|
|
|
• 6- to 11-week-old females show a 34% reduction in normalized ovary weights relative to control females
• however, all follicles at all stages are observed
• normalized uterine weights are normal
|
|
|
• all males have tubules exhibiting disorganized spermatogenic stages, retention of spermatids, sloughing of germ cells, and presence of pyknotic cells
• lumina are either decreased in size or absent in many testes
• however, no increase in apoptotic cell number is detected by TUNEL staining
|
|
|
• males show a 43% reduction in Sertoli cell numbers
|
small testis
(
J:204036
)
|
|
|
|
|
• 8- to 13-week-old males show significantly lower normalized testes weights than control males
• however, normalized seminal vesicles and epididymal weights are normal
|
|
|
• ovaries of randomly-cycling females show significantly lower Lhr and Ccnd2 mRNA levels than control ovaries
|
|
|
• testes show significantly higher Fshr mRNA levels than control testes
|
cellular
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• testicular and cauda epididymal sperm counts are reduced by 61% and 75%, respectively
|
|
|
• in some cases, spermatogenesis is arrested at meiosis; few to no haploid round spermatids are observed
|
|
|
• some males show more severe effects on sperm motility than others, indicating variable asthenospermia
• however, 70% of males show normal sperm vigor and progression
|
|
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• 30% of males lack motile sperm
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growth/size/body
| N |
• mice develop normally and have body sizes and weights indistinguishable from controls
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craniofacial
| N |
• mice do not display any craniofacial defects
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