mortality/aging
• following addition of 4% dextrane sodium sulfate to the drinking water, mice die between days 6 and 8 from sepsis, whereas all wild-type mice survived until day 10 when the experiment was stopped
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digestive/alimentary system
• less rectal bleeding in repeated administrations of 2% dextrane sodium sulfate for 30 days compared to wild-type
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• significantly decreased endoscopic score following addition of 4% dextrane sodium sulfate to the drinking water
• significantly decreased endoscopic score and increased colon length after repeated administrations of 2% dextrane sodium sulfate for 30 days
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• less diarrhea in mice administered 2% dextrane sodium sulfate for 30 days compared to wild-type
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• 4% dextrane sodium sulfate (DSS) added to the drinking water induces less intestinal damage although disease activity index is elevated after day 6 due to sepsis
• repeated administrations of 2% dextrane sodium sulfate for 30 days results in significantly milder disease activity index compared to similarly treated wild-type mice
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• distal colon shows reduced tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration after 4% dextrane sodium sulfate added to the drinking water
• repeated administrations of 2% dextrane sodium sulfate for 30 days results in less inflammatory mucosal signs
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immune system
• propionate or butyrate stimulation does not increase chemotactic migration as is observed in wild-type mice
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• myeloperoxidase activity levels are significantly reduced during treatment with 4% dextrane sodium sulfate in homogenized colonic tissue
• the amount of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the submucosal tissue is significantly reduced compared with wild-type mice after 4% dextrane sodium sulfate added to the drinking water
• L-selectin protein levels on the cell surface of polymorphonuclear are elevated compared to wild-type after 1 hour of stimulation with short chain fatty acids.
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• TNF-alpha concentrations are diminished after repeated administrations of 2% dextrane sodium sulfate for 30 days compared to wild-type
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• TNF-alpha levels are highly elevated during treatment with 4% dextrane sodium sulfate in the drinking water
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• level of TNF-alpha in colonic organ cultures is significantly reduced
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• less inflammation in animals on day 6 after 4% dextrane sodium sulfate added to the drinking water
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• 4% dextrane sodium sulfate (DSS) added to the drinking water induces less intestinal damage although disease activity index is elevated after day 6 due to sepsis
• repeated administrations of 2% dextrane sodium sulfate for 30 days results in significantly milder disease activity index compared to similarly treated wild-type mice
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• distal colon shows reduced tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration after 4% dextrane sodium sulfate added to the drinking water
• repeated administrations of 2% dextrane sodium sulfate for 30 days results in less inflammatory mucosal signs
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• 16S rDNA bacterial signatures of Clostridium spp in liver and spleen after 4% dextrane sodium sulfate added to the drinking water
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growth/size/body
• more weight loss in response to 4% dextrane sodium sulfate added to the drinking water
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• repeated administrations of 2% dextrane sodium sulfate for 30 days results in less weight loss than in wild-type
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cardiovascular system
• less rectal bleeding in repeated administrations of 2% dextrane sodium sulfate for 30 days compared to wild-type
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hematopoietic system
• propionate or butyrate stimulation does not increase chemotactic migration as is observed in wild-type mice
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• myeloperoxidase activity levels are significantly reduced during treatment with 4% dextrane sodium sulfate in homogenized colonic tissue
• the amount of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the submucosal tissue is significantly reduced compared with wild-type mice after 4% dextrane sodium sulfate added to the drinking water
• L-selectin protein levels on the cell surface of polymorphonuclear are elevated compared to wild-type after 1 hour of stimulation with short chain fatty acids.
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homeostasis/metabolism
• TNF-alpha concentrations are diminished after repeated administrations of 2% dextrane sodium sulfate for 30 days compared to wild-type
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• TNF-alpha levels are highly elevated during treatment with 4% dextrane sodium sulfate in the drinking water
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• following addition of 4% dextrane sodium sulfate to the drinking water, mice die between days 6 and 8 from sepsis, whereas all wild-type mice survived until day 10 when the experiment was stopped
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cellular
• propionate or butyrate stimulation does not increase chemotactic migration as is observed in wild-type mice
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