cellular
• oxalate and SO42- transport are strongly reduced in basolateral membrane vesicles isolated from kidney, liver, distal ileum, cecum and proximal colon
|
immune system
• infiltration of leukocytes around renal cortical vessels
|
renal/urinary system
• urine oxalate/creatinine ratio is significantly increased
|
• SO42-creatinine ratios and the fractional excretion index (FEI) for SO4 are significantly increased
|
• infiltration of leukocytes around renal cortical vessels
|
• calcium oxalate crystals are observed in the lumen of kidney cortical tubules and the bladder
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• 12-hour administration of 250 mg/kg acetaminophen leads to a 4-fold increase in serum alanine aminotransferase compared to similarly treated wild-type controls
|
• a decrease in oxalate and an increase in cecal sulfate content
|
• plasma oxalate levels are increased
|
• urine oxalate/creatinine ratio is significantly increased
|
• SO42-creatinine ratios and the fractional excretion index (FEI) for SO4 are significantly increased
|
• exposure to acetaminophen results in enhanced liver toxicity compared to wild-type controls
|
liver/biliary system
• 12-hour administration of 250 mg/kg acetaminophen leads to liver necrosis which is not seen in similarly treated wild-type controls
|
• a single 250-mg/kg dose of acetaminophen leads to a significantly greater reduction in glutathione after 2 hours
|
digestive/alimentary system
• a decrease in cecal oxalate and an increase in cecal sulfate content
|