mortality/aging
• few mice survive to adulthood
|
• rarely do mice die before E18.5
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cardiovascular system
N |
• from E14.5 through E17.5, mice exhibit normal blood vessels
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• at E17.5, mice exhibit impaired lymphatic capillary network function compared with wild-type mice
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hemorrhage
(
J:158668
)
• after E16.5, 35% of mice exhibit hemorrhage at the tips of the tail and, occasionally, the tips of toes unlike wild-type mice
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homeostasis/metabolism
• before E16.5, most mice exhibit mild to severe edema unlike wild-type mice
• mice exhibit extensive interstitial edema unlike wild-type mice
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immune system
• at E17.5, mice exhibit impaired lymphatic capillary network function compared with wild-type mice
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• at E13.5, lymphatic capillaries in the head dermis near the developing ear and in limb skin are dilated and disorganized unlike in wild-type mice
• at E13.5, lymphatic defects are less severe than in Tie1tm1.1Scba mice
• at E14.5, lymphatic vessels are disorganized and mildly dilated compared to in wild-type mice
• at E15.5, lymphatic vessels are dilated and start to regress in some areas unlike in wild-type mice
• at E16.5, dermal lymphatic vessels are abnormal compared to in wild-type mice
• at E17.5, lymphatic vessels are dilated, disorganized, and irregular compared to in wild-type mice
• in the head skin, mice exhibit incomplete lymphatic vessel network patterning with increased number of blind beginnings compared with wild-type mice
• unlike in wild-type mice, the density of lymphatic vessels increases until E15.5 when regression is observed
• at E16.5, E17.5, and E18.5, lymphatic vessels in the heart and diaphragm are thin, dilated, and disorganized compared to in wild-type mice
|
• at E11.5 and E12.5, proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells is increased compared to in wild-type mice
• at E13.5, apoptosis of lymphatic endothelial cells is greater than in wild-type mice
• at E15.5, and E17.5, apoptosis of lymphatic endothelial cells in the dermis is increased compared to in wild-type mice
• however, proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells is normal by E13.5 and expression of marks is normal
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• at E13.5, jugular lymph sacs are larger than in wild-type mice
|