cellular
• increased chromosome re-replication, more cells that are greater than 4n
• increased number of double strand DNA breaks, particularly in S phase cells
• increased chromosomal aberrations
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• H2O2 treated fibroblasts are not blocked at G2/M as in controls
• increased number of cells passing through G2/M
• more fibroblasts in G1 phase and fewer in S phase
• delayed entry into S phase but faster progress through S
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• oxidative stress leads to increased mitosis
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• cells exposed to oxidative stress progress rapidly through G1 where apoptosis occurs
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neoplasm
• increased susceptibility to skin tumors (papillomas) when treated with DMBA followed by 15 weeks of TPA application to skin
• tumors by week 8 of treatment
• 50% mortality by week 35
• no spontaneous tumors
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mortality/aging
• 50% mortality after beginning treatment with DMBA followed by 15 weeks of TPA application to skin
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homeostasis/metabolism
• 50% mortality after beginning treatment with DMBA followed by 15 weeks of TPA application to skin
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