growth/size/body
• the body weight of older mice is lower than that of controls
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cardiovascular system
N |
• septum of the heart is similar to controls
• left ventricular wall thickness is similar to controls
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• cardiomyocytes show a small but significant increase in length
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• coronary blood vessels in young mice but not older mice show a high degree of perivascular fibrosis
• no increase in interstitial fibrosis
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• stimulated cardiac myocytes show a decreased duration of shortening at all frequencies
• contraction and relaxation velocities are faster at stimulation frequencies above 6 Hz
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• sarcomere shortening is decreased when stimulated at a low frequency
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• a significantly shorter HV interval (interval from His to first QRS movement in surface ECG) is observed on an electrocardiogram
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• there is a trend toward a shorter QRS interval on an electrocardiogram
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muscle
• cardiomyocytes show a small but significant increase in length
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• stimulated cardiac myocytes show a decreased duration of shortening at all frequencies
• contraction and relaxation velocities are faster at stimulation frequencies above 6 Hz
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• sarcomere shortening is decreased when stimulated at a low frequency
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• sarcomeres are longer than in controls
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