endocrine/exocrine glands
• mammary gland tissues exhibit 4 times less epithelial cell proliferation than wild-type tissue
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• between 5 and 12 weeks, virgin females exhibit impaired mammary gland ductal growth and branch morphogenesis compared with wild-type mice
• estrogen-stimulated ductal growth in ovariectomized mice is impaired compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, mice exhibit normal mammary gland development during pregnancy and estrogen-stimulated uterine growth in ovariectomized mice is normal
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• between 5 and 12 weeks, virgin females exhibit impaired mammary gland ductal growth and branch morphogenesis compared with wild-type mice
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• mammary epithelial cells exhibit altered marker expression compared with wild-type cells indicating altered determination
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integument
• mammary gland tissues exhibit 4 times less epithelial cell proliferation than wild-type tissue
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• between 5 and 12 weeks, virgin females exhibit impaired mammary gland ductal growth and branch morphogenesis compared with wild-type mice
• estrogen-stimulated ductal growth in ovariectomized mice is impaired compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, mice exhibit normal mammary gland development during pregnancy and estrogen-stimulated uterine growth in ovariectomized mice is normal
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• between 5 and 12 weeks, virgin females exhibit impaired mammary gland ductal growth and branch morphogenesis compared with wild-type mice
|
• mammary epithelial cells exhibit altered marker expression compared with wild-type cells indicating altered determination
|
cellular
• mammary gland tissues exhibit 4 times less epithelial cell proliferation than wild-type tissue
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