Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• longest survival time is until E16.5
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• most embryos survive to only E9.5-11.5
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growth/size/body
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• at E10.5, growth retardation is commonly observed
• however, E9.5 embryos are often normal in size
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embryo
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• at E9.5, yolk sac vasculature is less prominent than in wild-type embryos
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• at E9.5 and E10.5, endothelial cells are present in the yolk sac but structures appear disorganized and fewer defined large vessels are observed
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• at E10.5, growth retardation is commonly observed
• however, E9.5 embryos are often normal in size
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cardiovascular system
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• endothelial cells from E9.5 embryos exhibit less alignment in the direction of shear stress
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• at E9.5, yolk sac vasculature is less prominent than in wild-type embryos
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• at E9.5 and E10.5, endothelial cells are present in the yolk sac but structures appear disorganized and fewer defined large vessels are observed
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• endothelial cells from E9.5 embryos exhibit less shear stress-evoked Ca2+ entry
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• at E9.5 and E10.5, embryos exhibit significantly less calpain activity than wild-type embryos
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