Analysis Tools
growth/size/body
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• when switched from a standard chow diet to a low cholesterol diet (0.02%, wt/wt) or a high cholesterol diet (0.2%, wt/wt) for a period up to 4 weeks, young females maintain a normal body weight regardless of dietary cholesterol content
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• females fed either the low or high cholesterol diet show normal total plasma cholesterol levels as well as normal total plasma free (unesterified) and esterified cholesterol and plasma VLDL, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels relative to diet-matched wild-type controls
• female total and free plasma levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol, desmosterol, lanosterol, lathosterol, beta-sitosterol, campesterol, brassicasterol, and stigmasterol are normal regardless of dietary cholesterol content
• female hepatic total, free, and esterified cholesterol as well as hepatic 24-hydoxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol and hepatic total and free levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol, desmosterol, lanosterol, lathosterol, beta-sitosterol, campesterol, brassicasterol, and stigmasterol are normal regardless of dietary cholesterol content
• female hepatic levels of all molecular species of glycerophospholipids studied are normal regardless of dietary cholesterol content
• female excretion of cholesterol and other phytosterols and sterol intermediates is normal regardless of dietary cholesterol content
• males fed a standard chow diet show normal plasma (total, VLDL, LDL and HDL) cholesterol levels as well as normal hepatic cholesterol (total, free and esterified) and hepatic oxysterol levels (24-hydoxycholesterol and 27-hydoxycholesterol) both under vehicle and GW3965-treated conditions
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• chow-fed males show reduced plasma corticosterone levels only upon pharmacologic treatment with a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist (GW3965) but not under vehicle-treated conditions
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• females show modestly elevated cortisol levels only under a low cholesterol diet; however, plasma levels of all other steroid hormones are normal regardless of dietary cholesterol content
• chow-fed males show slightly increased plasma cortisol levels only upon LXR agonist (GW3965) treatment but not under vehicle-treated conditions; however, plasma levels of other steroid hormones (e.g. dehydroepiandrosterone) are normal both under vehicle and GW3965-treated conditions
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• females show reduced plasma levels of deoxycholic acid only under a low cholesterol diet
• however, plasma levels of other bile acid species are normal regardless of dietary cholesterol content
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• females show a modest increase in hepatic cholesterol esters containing a 17:2 fatty acyl chain (CE 17:2) only under a high cholesterol diet
• however, hepatic levels of 18:2 cholesteryl ester (CE 18:2) are normal regardless of dietary cholesterol content
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• females show an increase in hepatic 58:8 triacylglycerol (TG 58:8) levels only under a low cholesterol diet
• however, hepatic levels of 56:7 triacylglycerol (TG 56:7) and 52:7 triacylglycerol (TG 52:7) are normal regardless of dietary cholesterol content
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• females show reduced hepatic expression of several genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism (Cyp3a41a, Cyp3a41b, Cyp3a44, Cyp3a16, and Sult3a2) only under a low cholesterol diet
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liver/biliary system
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• females show a modest increase in hepatic cholesterol esters containing a 17:2 fatty acyl chain (CE 17:2) only under a high cholesterol diet
• however, hepatic levels of 18:2 cholesteryl ester (CE 18:2) are normal regardless of dietary cholesterol content
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• females show an increase in hepatic 58:8 triacylglycerol (TG 58:8) levels only under a low cholesterol diet
• however, hepatic levels of 56:7 triacylglycerol (TG 56:7) and 52:7 triacylglycerol (TG 52:7) are normal regardless of dietary cholesterol content
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• females show no alterations in sterol-sensitive genes in the liver, but show altered hepatic expression of genes in major urinary protein (MUP) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) families only under a low cholesterol diet
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